玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合黄斑区格栅样光凝治疗视网膜分支静脉
阻塞继发黄斑水肿的效果
目的 观察玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合黄斑区格栅样光凝治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的疗效及安全性。方法 将2014年7月~2015年7月在梅州市人民医院确诊为视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的患者32例(32眼)纳入研究,随机将其分为2组:单纯光凝组16眼,行黄斑区格栅样光凝并给予复方血栓通胶囊药物;联合治疗组16眼,先行玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗0.05 ml/0.5 mg,同时给予复方血栓通胶囊药物,并于注药1周后行黄斑区格栅样光凝。所有患者均随访6个月,对比分析两组患者治疗前和治疗后1、3、6个月时采用糖尿病视网膜病变早期治疗研究(ETDRS)检查的最佳矫正视力(BCVA)及黄斑区中心凹厚度(CMT)变化情况以及有关眼部和全身不良反应发生情况。结果 单纯光凝组治疗前的ETDRS视力平均为(21.8±8.63)个字母,治疗后1、3、6个月的视力分别为(33.5±9.76)、(31.6±9.96)、(30.5±8.83)个字母,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合治疗组治疗前的视力平均为(21.4±9.12)个字母,治疗后1、3、6个月的视力分别为(40.4±10.01)、(39.8±9.91)、(39.6±9.24)个字母,与治疗前比较视力明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单纯光凝组治疗前的CMT平均为(549.2±120.4)μm,治疗后1、3、6个月的CMT分别为(290.3±88.6)、(268.9±78.5)、(252.4±66.3)μm,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合治疗组治疗前的CMT平均为(550.6±114.8)μm,治疗后1、3、6个月的CMT分别为(206.2±54.7)、(190.1±53.8)、(180.5±34.6)μm,与治疗前比较CMT明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后1、3、6个月联合治疗组视力和CMT均优于单纯光凝组(P<0.05)。随访过程中未发现有关眼部及全身不良反应。结论 玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合黄斑区格栅样光凝治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿安全有效,可以显著提高视力,联合治疗的疗效明显优于单纯光凝治疗。
[Abstract]Objective To observe the effectiveness and safety of combined therapy of intravitreal ranibizumab with grid laser photocoagulation for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Methods Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients with macular edema secondary to BRVO in People′s Hospital of Meizhou City from July 2014 to July 2015 were randomized into two groups:laser group (16 eyes) were given grid laser photocoagulation and compound Xueshuantong capsule,combined group (16 eyes) were given a single dose of intravitreal ranibizumab (0.05 ml/0.5 mg) and followed by grid laser photocoagulation after 1 week,combined with compound Xueshuantong capsule.Follow-up for 6 months,the changes of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) checked bg early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) and central macular thickness (CMT) among before treatment and 1month,3, 6 months after theatment were compared in the two groups,the ocular and systemic adverse reactions about treatments were also followed up.Results The BCVA before treatment in the laser group was (21.8±8.63) letters,which was significantly improved to (33.5±9.76) letters,(31.6±9.96) letters,
(30.5±8.83) letters respectively,at 1 month,3,6 months after treatment (P<0.05).The BCVA before treatment in the combined group was (21.4±9.12) letters,which was also significantly improved to (40.4±10.01) letters,(39.8±9.91) letters,(39.6±9.24) letters respectively,at 1 month,3,6 months after treatment (P<0.05).The CMT before treatment in the laser group was (549.2±120.4) μm,which was significantly reduced to (290.3±88.6),(268.9±78.5),(252.4±66.3) μm respectively,at 1 month,3, 6 months after treatment (P<0.05).The CMT before treatment in the combined group was (550.6±114.8) μm,which was significantly reduced to (206.2±54.7),(190.1±53.8),(180.5±34.6) μm respectively,at 1month,3,6 months after treatment (P<0.05).The BCVA was better and the CMT was thinner in the combined group than that in the laser group at 1 month,3,6 months after treatment respectively (P<0.05).No ocular or systemic adverse reactions was observed during follow-up period.Conclusion Intravitreal ranibizumab injection combined with grid laser photocoagulation,which can significantly improve vision and is a clinical effective and safe method for macular edema secondary to BRVO.The curative effect of combined treatment is better than that of grid laser photocoagulation alone.[Key words]Branch retinal vein occlusion;Macular edema;Ranibizumab;Laser photocoagulation
视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion,RVO)是临床上常见的、发病率仅次于糖尿病视网膜病变的、多因素作用的视网膜血管性疾病,分为视网膜中央静脉阻塞(central retinal vein occlusion,CRVO)和视网膜分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion,BRVO)两种类型,其中约80%为BRVO,BRVO在40岁以上的人群中发病率为1.6%[1],BRVO导致视力下降的主要原因为其继发的黄斑水肿。视网膜分支静脉研究组早于25年前提出将黄斑格区栅样光凝(grid laser photocoagulation,GLP)作为BRVO继发黄斑水肿的标准治疗方法,国内也有研究[2]认为治疗后视力提高不明显,且可导致视野的进一步损伤。玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗BRVO继发的黄斑水肿具有一定的效果,但仍有部分患者视力不提高,且容易导致眼压升高及并发白内障等。视网膜分支静脉阻塞后,血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial grow factor,VEGF)表达增高,直接或间接地增加血管通透性,其是导致黄斑水肿的关键因素。雷珠单抗是重组的人源化VEGF单克隆抗体片段,近年来被广泛应用于BRVO所致的黄斑水肿治疗,它通过抑制VEGF与受体结合,减少新生血管生成,促进新生血管消退,减轻血管渗漏,从而达到消除黄斑水肿、提高视力的目的。近年来,雷珠单抗在治疗BRVO继发的黄斑水肿中取得了显著的疗效[3-4]。本研究主要通过观察玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合GLP与单纯GLP治疗BRVO继发黄斑水肿视力及黄斑中心凹厚度(central macular thickness,CMT)的变化,分析联合治疗的疗效及安全性。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选择2014年7月~2015年7月我院经眼底荧光素血管造影(fluorescence fundus angiography,FFA)及光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,
OCT)确诊为BRVO继发黄斑水肿的患者32例(32眼)为研究对象,其中男18例18眼,女14例14眼,年龄45~65岁(平均54岁)。32例均为缺血型BRVO,发病时间在2个月内,发病部位:颞上20眼,颞下12眼。按照随机原则分为2组:单纯光凝组16例16眼,联合治疗组16例16眼,两组患者一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有患者术前均行最佳矫正视力(best-corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、眼压、裂隙灯,散瞳前置镜眼底检查、FFA及OCT检查。BVCA检查采用糖尿病视网膜病变早期治疗研究(early treatment diabetic retinopathy study,ETDRS)视力表进行,记录患者所能看到的字母数。
1.2研究方法
1.2.1单纯光凝组 采用德国蔡司Visulas 532s激光机行GLP治疗,光斑大小100~200 μm,能量100~200 MW,曝光时间0.1~0.2 s,光斑反应Ⅱ级,并给予复方血栓通胶囊口服(1.5 g/次,3次/d)。
1.2.2联合治疗组 先行玻璃体腔内注射雷珠单抗:注射前3 d用氧氟沙星滴眼液滴眼,注射前冲洗泪道,术眼使用盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液表面麻醉后,患者取仰卧位,常规消毒铺巾,开睑器撑开眼睑,依次用0.25 g/L碘伏和妥布霉素稀释液冲洗结膜囊,使用诺华公司自带的注射器抽取雷珠单抗注射液0.05 ml(含雷珠单抗0.5 mg),在颞上方角巩膜缘后3.5~4.0 mm垂直于巩膜面进针,缓慢注入玻璃体腔,术毕结膜囊涂妥布霉素眼膏,眼包包眼1 d。注射完毕给予复方血栓通胶囊口服(1.5 g/次,3次/d),并于注药1周后以单纯光凝组同样方法行GLP治疗。
1.2.3术后随访 所有患者均随访6个月,治疗后1、3、6个月时采用ETDRS检查BCVA、眼压、裂隙灯及散瞳前置镜眼底检查、FFA、OCT检查,并观察有无晶状体混浊加重、玻璃体出血、眼内炎、视网膜脱离及全身不良反应等并发症。
1.3统计学方法
采用SPSS 17.0统计学软件对数据进行分析,计量资料用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组内比较采用配对t检验,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组治疗前后的BCVA变化
两组在治疗前BCVA组间差异无统计学意义(t=0.005,P=0.986)。联合治疗组患者在治疗后1、3、6个月的BCVA均比治疗前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(t=5.643、6.524、6.836,P=0.014、0.015、0.013);单纯光凝组患者在治疗后1、3、6个月的BCVA均比治疗前提高,差异有统计学意义(t=5.783、5.924、5.836,P=0.03、0.04、0.04)。治疗后1、3、6个月同一时间点BCVA比较,联合治疗组视力增加字母数明显多于单纯光凝组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.943、