2024年山东菏泽市中考英语：动词及动词短语
考点一 常见易混动词辨析
1．spend/pay/cost/take表示“花费” spend pay cost take
主语是人，指花费时间和金钱。spend... on...; spend... (in) doing sth. 主语是人，指花费金钱。pay... for...＝spend... on 主语是物或某种活动，指花费金钱或其他代价。sth. cost(s) (sb.)．.. 多用it作形式主语，指花费时间。It takes sb. ... to do sth.＝Sb. spend(s)．.. (in) doing sth. Mom never spends any money on herself.妈妈从来都不在自己身上花钱。 May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I’ll pay it back next week.你能借给我12块钱吗？我下周还你。 It won’t cost you a penny for the first six months.开始的六个月你不用花一分钱。 It took them three years to build this road.他们用三年时间修完了这条路。 2．look/watch/see/read 表示“看”
look watch see read 看(动作)；可单独成句；look at... 看(电视、比赛)；注视 看见(结果)；看望；理解(I see.) 看(书、报)；读；读懂别人的内心 ★look可以表示“看上去”，是感官系动词，后接形容词。 ★看病(看医生)用see a doctor表示。 3．speak/say/talk/tell表示“说”
speak say talk tell 发言；说(某种语言) 说(内容)；写有 谈论；talk about sth.; talk to/with sb. 告诉；讲述；tell sb. (not) to do sth. 4.感官动词look/taste/sound/feel/smell look taste sound feel smell 5.borrow/lend/keep表示“借”
borrow lend 借用；borrow sth. from sb. 借给；lend sth. to sb. 看起来(视觉) 尝起来(味觉) 听起来(听觉) 摸起来(触觉) 闻起来(嗅觉)
keep 6．hope/wish/expect
hope wish expect 7.forget/leave forget leave 借用若干时间；keep... for 2 days 希望；hope to to sth.; hope＋that 从句 但愿、希望；wish to do sth.; wish sb. to do sth.; wish＋that 从句 期待、期望； expect to do sth.; expect sb. to do sth. 表示“忘记”时，forget通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用 在表示“遗忘”时，通常要与表示地点的状语连用 8.hear/listen/sound hear listen sound 9.wear/put on/dress/be in wear put on dress be in “穿着；戴着”，强调状态，wear后可接穿戴的东西，包括眼镜、首饰等 “穿上；戴上”，指“穿”的动作，反义词为“take off” “穿衣”，是及物动词，后接人作宾语，意为“给某人穿衣服”；dress onself“打扮；给自己穿衣服” 表示状态，后接衣服，也可接表颜色的词 听见；hear＋名词(强调听的结果) 听；listen to＋名词(强调听的过程) 听起来； sound＋形容词(强调听的效果) 10.reach/get/arrive reach get arrive
1．(2024·山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)—I meeting Jack today because I am still angry with him. —Come on, Mary. You are good friends. A．avoid
B．expect
C．enjoy
“到达”，是及物动词(比get更正式)，其后可直接接地点名词作宾语(不能用介词) “到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 to “到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地方) 2．(2024·广东普宁模拟改编)I don’t know the restaurant, but it’s to be quite a good one. A．said
B．told
C．spoken
3．(2024·广西贵港港南二模改编)—How much money did he you yesterday? —500 yuan. I told him I would return it to him in three weeks. A．give
B．borrow
C．lend
4.(2024·甘肃定西中考改编)—I can’t find my English textbook. —Is it possible that you it at home? A．lost
B．forgot
C．left
5．(2024·四川泸州中考改编)It about eight minutes for the light to travel from the sun to the earth. A．costs
B．spends
C．takes
考点二 动词短语辨析
常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第三种是完全不同的动词短语。 1．同一动词的不同搭配 (1)look短语
look after照料；照顾 look at看
look for寻找；寻求 look forward to盼望；期待 look out注意；当心；向外看 look through快速查看；浏览
look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看 look up to钦佩；仰慕 (2)cut短语
cut down砍倒 cut off切除 cut out删除；删去 cut up切碎 (3)run短语
run after追逐；追赶 run away跑开 run out (of)用尽；耗尽 (4)turn短语
turn down调低 turn up调高 turn... into变成
turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开 turn off关掉 turn left/right向左/右转 (5)take短语
take after(外貌或行为)像 take care of照顾；处理 take down拆除；往下拽；记录 take in吸入；吞入(体内) take off脱下；起飞 take place发生；出现
take up (尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做 (6)get短语
get dressed穿上衣服 get into陷入；参与 get lost迷路 get off下车 get on 上车 get on with与……相处
山东省菏泽市2024年中考英语动词及动词短语考点剖析
