36.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabilltoA.regulatedigitalservicesplatformsB.protectFrenchcompanies’interestsC.imposealevyontechmultinationalsD.curbtheinfluenceofadvertising37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestaxA.maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFranceB.isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroadC.aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensionsD.willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance38.ThecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthatA.redistributionoftechgiants’revenuemustbeensuredB.thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgradingC.techmultinationals’monopolyshouldbepreventedD.allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights39.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph5thattheOECD’scurrentworkA.isbeingresistedbyUScompaniesB.needstobereadjustedimmediatelyC.isfacedwithuncertainprospectsD.needstoinvolvemorecountries40.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?A.FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctionsB.FranceLeadstheChargeonDigitalTaxC.FranceSays“NO”toTechMultinationalsD.FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy英语（一）试题.10.(共15页）PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingformthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadings.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)A.EyefixationsarebriefB.ToomucheyecontactisinstinctivelyfelttoberudeC.EyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignalD.PersonalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontactE.BiologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigatedF.MostpeoplearenotcomfortableholdingeyecontactwithstrangersG.EyecontactcanalsobeaggressiveInasocialsituation,eyecontactwithanotherpersoncanshowthatyouarepayingattentioninafriendlyway.Butitcanalsobeantagonistic,suchaswhenapoliticalcandidateturnstowardtheircompetitorduringadebateandmakeseyecontactthatsignalshostility.Here’swhathardsciencerevealsabouteyecontact:41.Weknowthatatypicalinfantwillinstinctivelygazeintoitsmother’seyes,andshewilllookback.Thismutualgazeisamajorpartoftheattachmentbetweenmotherandchild.Inadulthood,lookingatsomeoneelseinapleasantwaycanbeacomplimentarysignofpayingattention.Itcancatchsomeone’sattentioninacrowdedroom.“Eyecontactandsmiles”cansignalavailabilityandconfidence,acommon-sensenotionsupportedinstudiesbypsychologistMonicaMoore.42.NeuroscientistBonnieAuyeungfoundthatthehormoneoxytocinincreasedtheamountofeyecontactfrommentowardtheinterviewerduringabriefinterviewwhenthedirectionoftheirgazewasrecorded.Thiswasalsofoundinhigh-functioningmen英语（二）试题.11?(共15页）withsomeautisticspectrumsymptoms,whomaytendtoavoideyecontact.Specificbrainregionsthatrespondduringdirectgazearebeingexploredbyotherresearchers,usingadvancedmethodsofbrainscanning.43.Withtheuseofeye-trackingtechnology,JuliaMinsonoftheHarvardKennedySchoolofGovernmentconcludedthateyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessages,dependingonthesituation.Whileeyecontactmaybeasignofconnectionortrustinfriendlysituations,it’smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominanceorintimidationinadversarialsituations.“Whetheryou’reapoliticianoraparent,itmightbehelpfultokeepinmindthattryingtomaintaineyecontactmaybackfireifyou’retryingtoconvincesomeonewhohasadifferentsetofbeliefsthanyou,”saidMinson.44.Whenwelookatafaceorapicture,oureyespauseononespotatatime,oftenontheeyesormouth.Thesepausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond,andtheeyesthenjumptoanotherspot,untilseveralimportantpointsintheimageareregisteredlikeaseriesofsnapshots.Howthewholeimageisthenassembledandperceivedisstillamysteryalthoughitisthesubjectofcurrentresearch.45.Inpeoplewhoscorehighinatestofneuroticism,apersonalitydimensionassociatedwithself-consciousnessandanxiety,eyecontacttriggeredmoreactivityassociatedwithavoidance，accordingtotheFinnishresearcherJariHietanenandcolleagues.“Ourfindingsindicatethatpeopledonotonlyfeeldifferentwhentheyarethecentreofattentionbutthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer.’’Amoredirectfindingisthatpeoplewhoscoredhighfornegativeemotionslikeanxietylookedatothersforshorterperiodsoftimeandreportedmorecomfortablefeelingswhenothersdidnotlookdirectlyatthem.英语（二）试题?12.(共15页）PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)FollowingtheexplosionofcreativityinFlorenceduringthe14thcenturyknownastheRenaissance,themodemworldsawadeparturefromwhatithadonceknown.ItturnedfromGodandtheauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchandinsteadfavouredamorehumanisticapproachtobeing.RenaissanceideashadspreadthroughoutEuropewellintothe17thcentury,withtheartsandsciencesflourishingextraordinarilyamongthosewithamorelogicaldisposition.(46)WiththeChurch’steachingsandwaysofthinkingbeingeclipsedbytheRenaissance,thegapbetweentheMedievalandmodernperiodshadbeenbridged，leadingtonewandunexploredintellectualterritories.DuringtheRenaissance,thegreatmindsofNicolausCopernicus,JohannesKeplerandGalileoGalileidemonstratedthepowerofscientificstudyanddiscovery.(47)Beforeeachoftheirrevelations,manythinkersatthetimehadsustainedmoreancientwaysofthinking,includingthegeocentricviewthattheEarthwasatthecentreofouruniverse.Copernicustheorizedin1543thatinactualfact,alloftheplanetsthatweknewofrevolvednotaroundtheEarth,buttheSun,asystemthatwaslaterupheldbyGalileoathisownexpense.Offeringupsuchatheoryduringatimeofhightensionbetweenscientificandreligiousmindswasbrandedasheresy,andanysuchhereticsthatcontinuedtospreadtheseliesweretobepunishedbyimprisonmentorevendeath.GalileowasexcommunicatedbytheChurchandimprisonedforlifeforhisastronomicalobservationsandhissupportoftheheliocentricprinciple.(48)DespiteattemptsbytheChurchtosuppressthisnewgenerationoflogiciansandrationalists,moreexplanationsforhowtheuniversefunctionedwerebeingmadeataratethatthepeoplecouldnolongerignore.Itwaswiththesegreatrevelationsthatanewkindofphilosophyfoundedinreasonwasborn.TheChurch’slong-standingdogmawaslosingthegreatbattlefortruthtorationalistsandscientists.ThisveryfactembodiedthenewwaysofthinkingthatsweptthroughEuropeduringmostofthe17thcentury.(49)Asmanytookon英语（二）试题.13.(共15页）thedutyoftryingtointegratereasoningandscientificphilosophiesintotheworld,theRenaissancewasoveranditwastimeforanewera—theAgeofReason.The17thand18thcenturiesweretimesofradicalchangeandcuriosity.Scientificmethod,reductionismandthequestioningofChurchidealswastobeencouraged,aswereideasofliberty,toleranceandprogress.(50)SuchactionstoseekknowledgeandtounderstandwhatinformationwealreadyknewwerecapturedbytheLatinphrasesapereaude’or4daretoknow’，afterImmanuelKantuseditinhisessay“AnAnswertotheQuestion:WhatisEnlightenment?”.Itwasthepurposeandresponsibilityofgreatmindstogoforthandseekoutthetruth,whichtheybelievedtobefoundedinknowledge.SectionHIWritingPartA51.Directions:Thestudentunionofyouruniversityhasassignedyoutoinformtheinternationalstudentsaboutanupcomingsingingcontest.Writeanoticeinabout100words.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownnameinthenotice.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturesbelow.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturesbriefly,2)interprettheimpliedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)英语（二）试题.14.(共15页）
2020年全国研究生考试英语(一)官方真题——精品文档
