高考
定语从句
知识点一、定语从句与并列句的区别 请观察下面三个句子:
1.Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination, ______ disappointed his mother. 2.Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination and ______ disappointed his mother. 3.Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination; ______ disappointed his mother. 第一句话:句中有逗号,根据句意可知,空白处的内容应该指的是前面整个句子的内容,是对前文信息的补充说明,因此,此句是非限制性定语从句,用关系代词which;
第二句话:句中有并列连词and,因此整个句子是一个并列句,所以可以用代词it指代前面句子的内容。
第三句话:句中有分号,这表明整个句子是一个并列句,因此可以用代词it指代前面句子的内容。 【解题技巧】
判断是定语从句还是并列句,要注意句中的标点符号和句中的连接词。如果句与句之间有连词或者分号,则是并列句;如果是逗号,且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明,则是非限制性定语从句,应该使用关系词。
知识点二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择是一个常考点,也是一个难点。请看下面三个句子,填上合适的介词,并从中发现一些规律。
1.He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ which he went on to Cambridge. 2.This is the farm ______ which he worked two years ago.
3.In the dark street there was not a single person ______ whom she could turn for help. 第一句话:根据句意可知,他在一所当地的语法学校学习之后去了Cambridge,故介词用after。此
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高考
句中介词的使用与句子的意义有关。
第二句话:把从句补充完整为he worked two years ago on the farm (“在农场”为“on the farm”),句中介词的选用取决于先行词的意义,即介词跟先行词的搭配。
第三句话:在黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以求助的人。“向某人求助”这个短语是“turn to sb. for help”,因此此处用介词to。此句中介词的选用取决于从句中的动词固定搭配。
因此,考生在确定其中的介词时,可从以下三方面入手: 1.句子的意思;2.先行词的意义;3.从句中的动词固定搭配。 【特别提醒】
注意way(方式)后接定语从句时的引导词。
先行词是way,当引导词在从句中作状语时,关系词用in which, that或者省略;当引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时,用that/which引导(作宾语时,引导词也可以省略)。比较:
The way(that/which) he explained to us was quite simple.(把从句补充完整:he explained the way to us,可以看出引导词在从句中作explained的宾语)
The way(that/in which) he explained the sentence was simple.(把从句补充完整:he explained the sentence in the way,可以看出引导词在从句中作状语)
知识点三、引导词as, which的区别
1.引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句内容时的区别:
(1)表达“正如”之意时,用as,如果仅指代整个主句内容而没有“正如”之意,则用which。 He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了,这让大家感到很意外。
She is a good doctor, as her mother used to be. 她是一个很出色的医生,和她母亲当年一样。
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高考
(2)当从句位于主句前面时,只用as。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
2.限制性定语从句中有such, the same时,其后常用as引导定语从句(the same后也可用that,但意义不一样)。
He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect. 他是一个我们都爱戴和尊敬的好老师。 This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔和我丢的那支一样。
3.as引导非限制性定语从句时,只能指代整个主句内容,而which既可以指代整个主句内容,又可以指代先行词。
The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)
4.as常与从句中的know, see, hear, expect等动词连用,也常用于as often happens, as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中。
He was absent from school, as is often the case. 他缺课了,这是常事。 知识点四、分隔定语从句
一般情况下,定语从句紧跟先行词,可是有的时候,先行词与定语从句之间插入了另外一些内容,这样就把先行词与定语从句分隔开了,这类定语从句叫分隔定语从句。这类句子应特别注意:不要误把插入部分当先行词。
I was the only person in my office who was invited.(先行词是person而不是office) 知识点五、关系代词和关系副词的区别
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2021年高考英语二轮复习定语从句考点讲解含解析202102221187
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