2024年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解
专题十 N、O字部
1. national
adj.国家的,全国性的,民族的;国内的,本国的;国有的,国立的
关联词组:National Day国庆节;national standard国家标准;national culture民族文化;national team国家队 1national表示“国家的,全国性的”,与local(当地的,地方性的)相对。例如: ○
Between 1929 and 1933 America’s national income fell by more than half. 1929至1933年间,美国的国民收入下降过半。
2national表示“国内的,本国的”,与international相对。例如: ○
national and international news国内和国际新闻
3national表示“国有的,国立的”:a national museum国家博物馆 ○
词性转换:nation n.国家;民族;nationally adv.全国性;nationality n.国籍 关联单词:international adj.国际的
(2024,江西卷,阅读B)I come from Kitengela, a farming community on the edge (边缘) of Nairobi National Park of Kenya (肯尼亚). 2. natural
adj.自然的,天然的
关联词组:natural gas天然气;natural environment自然环境;natural resource自然资源;natural world自然界;natural science自然科学 用法:
1natural表示“自然的,天然的”,与man-made(人造的)相对,例如: ○
the need for natural light in offices 办公室里需要自然光的照射
2natural表示“天生的,本能的,与生俱来的”,形容行为或能力: ○
Babies have a natural fear of falling.婴儿本能地害怕跌倒。
词性转换:naturally adv.自然地,天然地;nature n.自然;性质,种类:in nature本质上;by nature天生地;生性;mother nature大自然;human nature人性 反义词:unnatural adj.不自然的
(2024,江苏卷,词汇检测)
43. Amy and Annie will go on a natural history walk next ______________(星期日). 3. near
adj.近的,不远的;adv.在附近,不久以后;prep.在……附近,靠近
用法:
1near作形容词,表示“(距离或时间)近的,不远的,不久的”。例如: ○
Where's the nearest bank? 最近的银行在哪儿? in the near future在不久的未来;短期内
2near作副词,表示“(距离或时间)不远,在附近,不久以后”。例如: ○
She took a step nearer.她走近一步。
The exams are drawing near. 考试越来越近了。
3near作介词,有时可和to连用,表示“在……附近;临近”。例如: ○
Do you live near here? 你住在这附近吗? 近义词:close,next to
关联单词:nearly=almost adv.几乎,差不多:
I've worked here for nearly two years. 我已经在这里工作了将近两年。
(2024,浙江卷,阅读B)Remember: whenever you are on a trampoline, be careful not to jump near the edge of it.
(2024,山东卷,阅读表达)In France, women now receive nearly $1,000 a month for a year if they have a third child.
4. necessary
adj.必需的,必要的
关联词组:if necessary如果必要的话;when necessary在必要时
用法:常用搭配有it is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事很有必要。例如: It is necessary for us to meet.我们有必要见面。
词性转换:necessarily adv.必要地,必定地;necessity n.需要;必然性;必需品 近义词:important adj.重要的
(2024,山东卷,阅读C)A gift is necessary when one is invited to visit friends in China. 5. need
n.需要,需求;v.需要;必须
关联词组:there’s no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)不必做某事;be in need of sth.需要…… need作名词:
1一般使用单数,表示“需要,需求”,常和for或to do搭配。例如: ○
There’s a growing need for new housing in many areas. 许多地区对新住房的需求不断增长。 We fully realized the need to improve communications. 我们充分意识到需要改善沟通交流。 2如果使用复数needs,则表示“生活必需品”: ○
She works to provide for her family’s basic needs. 她工作是为了维持家里的基本生计。 need作动词: 1充当实意动词,○否定形式don’t need,疑问形式do you need;可用于need sth.或need (sb.) to do sth.等结构: I don’t need him to help me.我不需要他帮助我。
2充当情态动词,否定形式为needn’t=need not,疑问形式为need you;后接动词原形: ○
Need I pay the whole amount now? 我必须现在全部付清吗?
(2024,浙江卷,阅读B)If you would like to start trampolining, you may first need to ask a doctor to make sure it's a safe activity for you. 6. neither
adj.&pron.两者都不(的);adv.也不
用法:
1neither可充当形容词或代词表限定,作动词: ○
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
Neither of them has/have a car. 他们两个都没有汽车。 2neither作副词,表示“也不”: ○
He didn't remember and neither did I. 他没记住,我也忘了。 3neither…nor…结构充当连词,表示“既不……也不……”: ○
Neither he nor his wife enjoyed the vacation. 这次度假他和他的妻子都玩得不开心。
(2024,山东卷,单项填空)
28. A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it _________helps with students' health, _________improves their social skills. A. either; or B. neither; nor C. not only; but also 7. nervous
adj.紧张不安的,担忧的;神经系统的
关联词组:nervous system神经系统;feel/get nervous感到/变得紧张
用法:nervous是形容词,可作表语或定语,可与介词of或about搭配: She is always very nervous about the future.她总是对未来非常忧虑。 We were all a bit nervous of him at first. 起初我们都有点怕他。
词性转换:nervously adv.神经质地;焦急地;nerve n.神经,勇气;nervousness n.紧张不安
(2024,浙江卷,阅读B)
19. The writer says that buying things _______________. A. can make people worried B. can make people nervous C. may lead to sadness for long D. may lead to happiness for a short time 8. noise
n.声音;噪声;喧闹声
关联词组:traffic noise交通噪声;noise control噪声控制;low noise低噪声;make a noise吵闹,喧哗 用法:noise既是可数名词,也是不可数名词。如专指“噪音”,视为不可数;如指某种间断的声响,可作可数名词。例如:
They were making too much noise. 他们的噪声太大了。 There was a strange noise in his ears. 他听到奇怪的杂音。 noise和sound的区别:
noise通常特指大声、令人不悦的噪音,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词;sound为可数名词,仅指听到的声音或响声。例如:
What a terrible noise! 多么令人讨厌的噪音啊!
All she could hear was the sound of the waves. 她听得到的只有海浪声。 词性转换:noisy adj.嘈杂的,喧闹的
(2024,山东卷,阅读A)Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss (听力丧失) ,because of listening to loud noise for long periods of time.
9. none
pron.无任何东西或人,没有一点,全无
用法:通常和of搭配使用:
I wish I could offer you some cake but there’s none left. 我真想能请你吃些蛋糕,但一点也没剩的了。 None of my friends call me any more. 再也没有朋友给我打电话了。
注意none和neither的区别:none用于指三个或三个以上的人或物;指两个人或物,用neither。例如: None of my friends came. 我的朋友一个都没来。
Neither of my parents wanted me to marry him. 我的父母都不想让我嫁给他。 注意none和no one的区别:
1none既可指人也可指物,常暗示一定范围,因此通常与表范围的of短语连用;而no one(=nobody)只能指○
人,不能与of短语连用。如:
None of that money on the table is mine.桌上没有一分钱是我的。 No one (=Nobody) knows about it.没有人了解此事。
2none与数量有关,可回答how many问句,表示“一个也没有”;而no one表示“什么人也没有”,可○
回答who的问句。如:
—How many people are there in that room?—None.那个房间里有几个人?一个人也没有。 —Who was late today?—No one.今天谁迟到了?谁也没有迟到。
关联单词:no adj.没有,无,不;adv. 不,不是;nobody pron.没有人,谁也不;nothing pron.没有东西,没有什么;nor conj.也不
(2024,湖北卷,选择填空)
37. — Who runs in your class?
— Tom does. None of us can catch him in the race.
A. faster B. slower C. fastest D. slowest 10. normal
adj.正常的;n.正常的状态,常态
关联词组:normal condition正常状态;normal temperature标准温度;return/be back to normal恢复正常 形容词用法:可用于it is normal (for sb) to do sth.结构:
It’s normal to feel nervous before an exam. 考试之前觉得紧张是正常的。
名词用法:常见搭配有above/below normal、higher/larger/less than normal等。例如: Car sales are still below normal this year.今年的汽车销量仍然低于正常水平。 词性转换:normally adv.正常地;通常地,一般地 反义词:abnormal adj.不正常的,反常的
(2024,广东卷,完形)
But Anna didn’t have hers, and she looked __51__. 51.A. worried B. normal C. proud D. relaxed 11. north
n.北,北方,北部;adj.北的,朝北的,从北来的;adv.向北,朝北
1north作名词,指“北,北方”或“北部(地区)”,一般在前面加the,通常和方位介词搭配。如: ○
cold winds coming from the north 从北方袭来的寒风
Cheshunt is a few miles to the north of London. 切森特位于伦敦以北几英里。 2north本身可作形容词,表示“北方的,北部的;向北的”: ○
North London 伦敦北区;the north bank of the river 这条河的北岸
3north还可作副词,表示“向北,朝北”:The birds fly north in summer. 夏季鸟儿向北飞。 ○
形容词north和northern的区别:
north具有较强的政治意义或社会意义,是对地球表面或一洲、一国、一地区内部较明确的划分,往往构成专有名词;northern往往是单纯从地理方位讲,常表示方向和位置,无政治意义或社会意义,表述的是一个相对而又比较模糊的概念,是一种不明确的划分。试比较: North China华北
the Northern areas of China中国北部地区 关联单词:east东;east西;south南
(2024,湖北卷,阅读C)The man who takes this pole to the north gate will get 10 gold pieces. 12. note
v.记下,记录;注意,留意;n.边条;笔记;注释;钞票,纸币;音符,音调
名词词组:take/make notes记笔记;make a note of把……记下来;thank-you note感谢信 动词用法:
1表示“记录”,常用于note sth. down短语: ○
Note down the main points you want to include in your article. 记下你文章中想要包含的要点。 2表示“注意,留意”,可接宾语或宾语从句: ○
Please note that the money must be paid within ten days. 请注意这笔钱必须在十天以内付清。 关联单词:notebook n.笔记本
(2024,北京卷,阅读B)A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. 13. notice
n.注意;公告,通告;v.注意;注意到
名词用法:
1notice表示“注意,理会,察觉”,是不可数名词,常用于take no notice of短语,表示“不理会”: ○
Take no notice of what he says. 别理会他说的话。
2notice表示“通知,布告”,是可数名词,比如written notice书面通知 ○
3notice表示“预告,警告”,是不可数名词,常用搭配有without notice没有事先通知;further notice另行○
通知;at short notice临时通知
动词用法:可作不及物动词,也可作及物动词,后接宾语或that/wh-从句:
Did you notice how Rachel kept looking at her watch? 你有没有注意到雷切尔在不停地看她的手表?
词性转换:notify v.通知,通告;noticeable adj.显而易见的,显著的;noticeably adv.明显地,显著地 易混单词:note v.注意:二者作动词,均有“注意”这层含义,但note常用于比较正式的语境,或与please
搭配使用。例如:
Please note (that) the office will be closed on Monday.请注意办事处星期一将关闭。
(2024,北京卷,单项填空)
12.—Did you notice in her office?