北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试
2013.05.11
Passage 1
Is that 6 a.m. workout getting in the way of good sleep? Don’t think your fat cells won’t notice. A new study published in The Annals of Internal Medicine (a medical journal) finds that inadequate shut-eye has a harmful effect on fat cells, reducing their ability to respond to insulin (胰岛素) by about 30 percent. Over the long-term, this decreased response could set the stage for type-2 diabetes (a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in his or her blood), fatty liver disease and weight gain.
The study adds to a growing body of evidence that there’ “an intimate relationship between the amount of sleep we get and our ability to maintain a good, healthy body weight,” says sleep expert Helene Emsellem, director of the Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders in Chevy Chase, Maryland. (76) But Americans don’t seem to be getting the message that we need seven to nine hours par night. More than 1 in 5 of us, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is getting six or fewer hours of sleep per night, on average.
So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper? Matthew Brady of the University of Chicago and a group of colleagues selected and persuaded seven volunteers to take part in the research project. They were all young, thin and healthy and agreed to sleep for eight nights in a sleep lab. “For four nights they were allowed to stay in bed for 8.5 hours a night,” says Brady. Then, a month later, they came back for four additional nights——but this time they were allowed just 4.5 hours of sleep per night. And after each visit, researchers got a sample of their fat. (77) Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep. “I was very surprised to be honest,” he says.
Bad things can happen when fat cells become less responsive to insulin. “Fat cells are actually your friend,” he says. “They’re there to store lipids (血脂).” When lipids stay inside the cells, your body can utilize the fat when you’re exercising or sleeping or going about your day. “However, when fat cells stare to become insulin resistant, the lipids star to leach out of the fat cells and rise in the bloodstream,” Brady says.
1. According to the passage, lack of sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the following EXCEPT_____.
A. heart disease
B. weight gain
C. diabetes
D. liver disease
2. The main idea of the third paragraph is_____ A. how to write a medical research paper B. how to avoid sleep loss C. how the research was conducted D. how to conduct a medical experiment
3. What does the “leach” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Leap. B. Lead. C. Lean. D. Leak.
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. We will be in trouble if our fat cells become less responsive to insulin. B. More and more studies are done to study the lind between sleep and weight. C. More than 20% of Americans are not getting enough sleep. D. Fat cells are there to help us maintain a good health. 5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?
A. Poor Sleep May Lead to Too Much Stored Fat and Disease B. Sleep Experts Had Exciting Findings in a Fat Study C. Americans Should Have More Than Six Hours of Sleep D. Bad Things Happen if Fat Cells Become Our Friend Passage 2
The top of the world is a wonderland. In winter, the temperature often falls to -30°F and the sun never rises. The ocean is surrounded by frozen ground. There are few people or trees, but to polar bears, the Arctic(北极)is home.
(78) Polar bears have thick fur, big paws and other features that make them well prepared for life in their tough environment. In fact, they need the Arctic sea ice for survival. But climate change is causing larger and larger areas of summer sea ice to melt(融化). Experts say that if warming patterns continue, the Arctic could be free of summer sea ice by 2050. That may cause two-thirds of the world's 20,000 polar bears to be gone by then too.
Polar bears can't survive for long on land. Seals are their main source of food. The only place where polar bears can hunt seals is on the ice. (79) Although these bears are strong swimmers, they are no match for lightning swift seals in the water. A polar bear has brilliantly clever strategies to overcome this disadvantage. In winter the bear waits motionless beside a seal's breathing hole, which is a narrow tunnel through the ice. Often many hours pass before the seal comes up for air and the bear kills it with a powerful blow of its paw. In summer, the polar bears that live on land eat very little and wait for the sea ice to return.
With the sea ice forming later in the year and melting earlier, polar bears do not have enough opportunity to hunt and eat. Less sea ice makes it harder for the bears to catch the seals. The bears must swim longer distances between ice packs(大片浮冰), and they can't always make it. The ice is also getting thinner. These conditions can cause polar-bear cabs to become separated from their mothers, who provide them with food.
Steven Amstrup is the chief scientist of Polar Bears International. The group aims to save the bears and their home. \more people who see polar bears and understand their difficult situation, the better the chance we'll alter our warming path in time to save them,\
6. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Climate Change in the Arctic
B. How to Protect the Environment
C. The Arctic Ts Home to Polar Bears D. Polar Bears in Danger 7. Where do polar bears usually hunt seals?
A. On land
B. In open water.
C. In openings in the sea ice. D. At the bottom of the sea.
8. The word \
A. adults
B. babies
C. hunters
D. enemies
9. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Starving polar bears are increasingly coming into villages, where they may be killed either
for food or safety.
B. Polar bears can spend their entire lives on land if the sea ice melts completely.
C. Two-thirds of the world's polar bears may disappear by 2050 as global warming continues. D. The growing distance between ice packs is not a problem for polar bears, because they are
excellent swimmers.
10. What's the mission of Polar Bears International?
A. Saving energy.
B. Conducting scientific research. C. Seeking international cooperation. D. Saving polar bears and their home.
Passage 3
Imagine a school that expected its students to become literate(有读写能力的) without any formal instruction. Most parents would be alarmed by such an approach, which would leave their children confused and with gaps in their understanding. This however has been the philosophy on character development in many of our schools. Why is the development of character seen as somehow different from the other skills that we teach?
Of course there will always be learning by osmosis(耳濡目染)in any school, but as a teacher and primary school head I have found that a child's moral literacy is strengthened when they acquire the building blocks of good character such as consideration, courage and honor: qualities which are commonly known as virtue(美德).
I personally find that exploring a virtue over a two-week period provides a simple and effective program that allows for the creative input of both teacher and student and a chance for the virtue to embed(使融入)itself. Once a lesson on a virtue such as honesty has been completed we need to allow time for children to practice this concept just as would be the case with fractions or verbs. Allowing children to role play a situation such as making up excuses to cover a mistake can be enormously
interesting, and the drama can be frozen allowing the characters to be questioned about their feelings and motives. (80) It's also a safe way for children to experience for themselves how a lie usually goes out of control. Our role as educators is also to look for opportunities to help our students as they attempt to strengthen their characters. When something goes wrong we guide the young person to the virtue that will prevent it from happening again. For instance, when am student thoughtlessly disturbs the calm atmosphere of the library, instead of a response such as, \was really disrespectful and selfish of you!\virtues do you need to use?\
11. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?
A. Teaching morals and values has been a frequently discussed topic in the past few years.
B. The author and his staff embed virtues into lessons and school life to encourage character development in children.
C. Kids throughout the population face the same needs, the same challenges, and the same realities in their lives. D. Role plays are an excellent way of getting students to practice their English. 12. We can infer from the first paragraph that_.
A. there tends to be disagreement about what character education is
B. most parents are not satisfied with the teaching methods adopted in schools
C. the approach to character education is generally considered different from the approaches to other skills D. more and more schools are adopting strategies to improve school attendance 13. The word \philosophy\ A. study B. subject C. viewpoint D. investigation 14. The author is a_____ A. teacher
B. librarian
C. reporter
D. manage
15. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way to build character in children? A. Story readings and discussions.
B. Osmosis. D. Role play.
C. Taking every opportunity to teach character. Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%)
16. So much _______ about his ships on the sea that he didn’t sleep for a single minute all night.
A. did he worry B. he did worry C. he worried 17. His new novel is said ______ into a film last year.
A. to make
B. to have made C. to be made
D. to have been made
D. worried be
18. He tried several times to pass the exam. _____ the end, he succeeded.
A. On B. In C. At D. By
19. The report of an earthquake(地震) in the south China Sea has not been _____ yet.
A. conflicted
B. confused
C. confined
D. confirmed
20. The clouds are gathering. We’re better hurry and _____ the department store in case it rains.
A. hand in
B. face up to
C. head for
D. back up
21. There is only one boat ____ for hire. I’m afraid you have to wait for the next one.
A. superior
B. capable
C. complicated D. available
22. I think fishing is a nice hobby but needs a good deal of ______.
A. relation
B. limitation
C. strength
D. patience
23. Finally we made a ______ that I should cook dinner and she would wash up after.
A. trip
B. bargain
C. face
D. fool
24. The old man was found ______ on the floor.
A. lying dead
B. lying death
C. laying dead D. laying death
25. If one ______ a crime, he will be punished.
A. makes
B. commits
C. performs
D. achieves
26. If you insist on doing that, please take me into _____.
A. think
B. thinking
C. thought
D. consideration
27. The letters PTA _____ parent-teacher association.
A. stand for
B. call for
C. reach for
D. care for
28. On _____ side of the street were standing young boys and girls to welcome the President.
A. both
B. two
C. either
D. every
29. Hospital doctors don’t go out very often as their work _____ all their time.
A. takes away B. takes in
C. takes over
D. takes up
30. The ______ of blood always makes him sick.
A. sight
B. view
C. look
D. form
31. She sent her application to the university last week, but ____ any response up to now.
A. didn’t receive B. weren’t receiving C. hadn’t received D. hasn’t received 32. _____ by the teacher in class, John felt quite depressed and kept silent the whole evening.
A. Criticizing B. To criticize C. Criticized 33. I’d play football with you now if I _____ ten years younger.
A. am
B. be
C. had been
D. were
D. Having criticized
34. All the books, _____ had some pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.
北京2013年5月学士学位三级英语考试真题+答案
