高考英语语法知识点归纳总结：情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词

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八、情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词

I.情态动词基本用法 情态动用 法 词 能力（体力，智can 力，技能） 允许或许可（口语中常用） could 可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中） 可以（问句中表may 示请求） 可能，或许（表推测） might 祝愿（用于倒装句中） 必须，应该（表主观要求） must 肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测） 只好，不得不（客观的必须，have to 有时态和人称的变化） 应当（表示义务ought 责任，口语中多to 用should） 用于一三人称征求对方意见 用于二三人称shall 表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等 应当，应该（表义务责任） should 本该（含有责备意味） 意愿，决心 will 请求，建议，用would 在问句中would比较委婉 敢（常用于否定dare 句和疑问句中） 需要,必须（常need 用于否定句和疑问句中） used to 过去常常（现在已不再） 否定式 can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…? couldn’t do Yes,…can. No,…can’t. 疑问式 简答式 may not do May…do…? Might…do…? Yes,…may. No,…mustn’t/can’t. Yes,…might No,…might not. might not do must not/mustn’t do Must…do…? to. Yes,…must. No,…needn’t/don’t have don’t have to do Do…have to do…? Yes,…do. No,…don’t. Yes,…ought. No,…oughtn’t. ought not Ought…to do…? to/oughtn’t to do shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…? Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t. should not/shouldn’t do will not/won’t do Should…do…? would not/wouldn’t Will/Would…do…? do dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…? Yes,…will. No,…won’t. Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t. Yes,…must. No,…needn’t. Yes,…used. No,…use(d)n’t. Yes,…did. No,…didn’t. need not/needn’t do Need…do…? used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do didn’t use to do Used…to do…? Did…use to do…? II.情态动词的重点知识 表示“能表示能力的情态动词用can/could 力、许可”A computer_____think for itself; it must beA.can’t B.mustn’t C.may not▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓

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的can和may 表示“推断、判断”的can may,must need dare shall should will/would 情态动词+have done的用法 ①—Could I call you by your first name? A.will B.could C.may D.m②Johnny, you_____play with the knife, youA.won’t/can’t B.mustn’t/maC.shouldn’t/must D.can’t/shouldThe fire spread through the hotel very quic在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，everyone_____get out. 而要用was/were able to。 A.had to B.would C.could Peter______come with us tonight, but he i在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯A.must B.may C.can 定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。 而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性： Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t时用以代替mustn’t，Michael______be a policeman, for he’s mu语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。 A.needn’t B.can’t C.should He may be very busy now. Can he b在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must。 He must be very busy now. Can heneed作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。 If he dare come,I will kick him out. I don’dare作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare和dared两个词形，dare say. 除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示注意:He doesn’t dare(to)answer the questi怀疑的句子中。 Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? You shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告用于第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。 He shall have the book when I finish readinHe shall be punished.威胁 You should(ought to) go to class right away劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。 I should(ought to) help him because he is in请求、建议，would比will委婉客气。 Would you pass me the book? I will never do that again. 表示意志、愿望和决心。 They asked us if we would do that again During the vacation he would visit me everwould可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。 The wound would not heal.（伤口老是不能It would be about ten when he left home. would表示估计或猜想。 What would she be doing there? could+have done：本可以做而实际上未能做。 You could have done better, but you didn’tcannot+ have done：表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。 He cannot have been to that town. can+主语+ have done：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在Can he have got the book? 疑问句中）。 He may not have finished the work. might(may)+ have done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。 If we had taken the other road, we might hmust+ have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。 You must have seen the film. 其否定式为：cannot have done。 You cannot have seen the film. You needn’t have watered the flowers,for i注意：didn’t need to(have to)do： needn’t+ have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。 没有必要做而实际上也没有做 I didn’t need to clean the windows.My sisteYou should have started earlier, but you didshould(ought to)+ have done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。She shouldn’t have taken away my measuri其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。 for I worked to use it. 注意：He should have finished the work b表示许可时用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在问句中用could…?或might…？ 以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一定，必须，mustn’t表示禁止，不许可）。 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓

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类 别 If引导的 条件从句 虚拟语气 用 法 从句动词：过去式（be用were） 与现在事实相反 主句动词：should/would/could/might+do 从句动词：had+done 与过去事实相反 主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+done 从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+to do 与将来事实相反 主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形 将虚拟条件从句中的were，had,should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装 例 句 If he were here, he would help us. If I had been free,I would have visiteIf it should rain tomorrow, we would省略if的虚拟条件句 不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则 混合虚拟条件句 虚拟与陈述的混合：各遵守各的规则 but for+名词表示虚拟条件 without+名词表示虚拟条件 动词不定式表示虚拟条件 含蓄虚拟 条件句 现在分词表示虚拟条件 过去分词表示虚拟条件 副词otherwise表示虚拟条件 句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。 连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件 as if/as though引导的状语从句中动词用did或had＋done或would／could／might＋do。 注意：as if/as though引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气： 当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时： It sounds as if it is raining．听起来像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk．从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。 in order that/so that引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/ might/ would等+do demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+do wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+do表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反 在It is necessary / important / strange that… It is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等从句中， 谓语动词用should+do 其它 状语从句 ①Should he come ,tell him to ring m②Were I you,I would not do it. ③Had I been free,I would have visite①If he had listened to me, he would②If he had told me yesterday,I shou③If I were you, I would have gone to①He could have passed the exaenough. ②You should have come earlier.The ---But for your timely warning,we __---You know we’re friends. A. would get B. must havC. would have got D. can’t haWithout the air to hold some of thnight would be freezing cold. It would be only partly right to follow如果用这种方式，仅仅对了一半。Having known in time ,we migaccident.要是及时得知的话，我们Given more attention, the tree could如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长I was too busy at that time.Otheryou.我当时太忙，否则我就给你打He _____fatter but he eats too littleA. would become B. would haC. must become D. must hav①与现在事实相反 He talks as if he knew where she wa②与过去事实相反 He talks about Rome as if he had be③与将来事实相反 He opened his mouth as if he wouldTurn on the light so that we can see 宾语从句 He suggested that we not change ouI wish I could be a pop singer. I wish I would have gone to Shangha主语从句 It is strange that such a person shou▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓点亮心灯 ~~~///(^v^)\\\\\\~~~ 照亮人生 ▃ ▄ ▅ ▆ ▇ █ █ ■ ▓