2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making
individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that _1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2 _ factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3 picture_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. _4_, he theorized that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_ crime might be more likely to send someone to prison _7_ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.
To _8_ this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the _9_ of an applicant should not depend on the few others _10_ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was _11_.
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers. The
interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were _15_ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the
Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is _16_ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _17_ that, then the score for the next applicant would _18_ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to _19_ the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20_.
1 A grants B submits C transmits D delivers 2 A minor B external C crucial D objective 3 A issue B vision C picture D moment 4 A For example B On average C In principle D Above all 5 A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless 6 A in B for C to D on 7 A if B until C though D unless 8 A promote B emphasize C share D test 9 A decision B quality C status D success 10 A chosen B studied C found D identified 11 A exceptional B defensible C replaceable D otherwise 12 A inspired B expressed C conducted D secured 13 A assigned B rated C matched D arranged 14 A put B got C gave D took 15 A instead B then C ever D rather 16 A selected B passed C marked D introduced 17 A before B after C above D below 18 A jump B float C drop D fluctuate 19 A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard 20 A promising B possible C necessary D helpful
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Section II Reading Comprehension Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl
Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage
overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.
21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her [A] poor bargaining skill [B] insensitivity to fashion
[C] obsession with high fashion [D] lack of imagination
22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to [A] combat unnecessary waste
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[B] shut out the feverish fashion world [C] resist the influence of advertisements [D] shop for their garments more frequently
23. The word “indictment” (Line 2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to [A] accusation [B] enthusiasm [C] indifference [D] tolerance
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph [A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists. [B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments. [D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing. 25. What is the subject of the text? [A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. [B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.
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2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一
