Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to1 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each2. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles.
The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.
A debate continues over Mir’s contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and earned scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations.3 Experiments on Mir arc credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And SergieAvdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid4, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.
Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir, In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures.
Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mir’s reputation as a space station was ruined. Mir’s setbacks arc nothing, though5, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But it’s time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.
36. We can learn from the passage that the Mir Space Station A. was designed to last over 5 years.
B. played host to 7 astronauts from different countries. C. was visited only by Americans. D. was built by Russians. 答案：D
37. One of the contributions Mir makes to science is that, it A. help astronauts get close to Mars.
B. enables scientists to develop new scientific equipment. C. sets a record of the longest single human stay in space.
D. shows that multinational operations in space are less expensive. 答案：C
38. What happened to Mir in 1997? A. it ran out its fund.
B. it was completely damaged by fire.
C. its reputation was ruined due to power failures. D. its main computer system broke out. 答案：D
39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that A. space exploration will not experience setbacks.
B. it is difficult for other space stations exceed Mir’s success. C. Mir is the best long-term human habitation in space in history. D. multinational space operation are getting more accomplishments.
答案：D
40. What is the author’s attitude toward Mir? A. indifferent. B. ironic. C. favorable. D. negative 答案：C
第三篇 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain . Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic . 41. What is the main idea of this passage? A. How to understand intelligence. B. The importance of intelligence.
C. The development of intelligence tests. D. How to become intelligent.
答案：A
42. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence? A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.
B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests. C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.
D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests. 答案：B
43. Gardner believes that ________. A. children have different intelligences. B. all children are alike.
C. children should take one intelligence test. D. there is no general intelligence.
答案：A
44. According to Gardner, schools should ________. A. test students’ IQs.
B. train students who do poorly on tests.
C. focus on finding the most intelligent students. D. promote development of all intelligences. 答案：D
45. Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ . A. musical foundation. B. biological foundation. C. intrapersonal foundation. D. linguistic foundation.
答案：B
第五部分：补全短文
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 The Day a Language Died
When CariosWestez died at the age of 76， a language died， too. Westez， more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud， was the last speaker of the Native American language Catawba. Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington， D.C.， where， back in the 1940s， Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations.________ （46）They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.
We are all aware of the danger that modern industry can cause the world‘s ecology（生态）。However， few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese， Spanish， Russian， and Hindi have become powerful languages as well. As these languages become more powerful， their use as tools of business and culture increases. As well，_________ （47） When this happens， hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.
Scholars believe there are around 6，000 languages around the world， but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples， Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu， located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few
older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. _________ （48） In the Americas， 100 languages， each of which has fewer than 300 speakers， are dying out.
Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the danger of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe， and the language was not his mother tongue._________ （49）。 The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone， and the language is dead. What does it mean for the rest of us when a language disappears？ When a plant insect or animal species dies， it is easy to understand what has been lost and to for the balance of the natural word. However， language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language，like Red Thunder，must be a peculiarly lonely destiny， almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species.________ （50） A .As these languages become more powerful， their use as tools of business and culture increase.
B .However，he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.
C .Papus New Guines is an extremely rich source of different language，but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction（灭绝）。 D .For the rest of us， when a language dies， we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.
E .Some people might want to learn some of these songs by hearts. F .These languages don‘t have many native speakers. 答案：E A F B D
第6部分：完形填空（第61—65题，每题1分，共15分） Underground Coal Fires
Coal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned, these large-scale underground (51) blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even (52) ignite (点燃) forest first, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association For the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting release (53) of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned. “Coal fires are a global catastrophe,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA, But surprisingly (54) few people know about them.
Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not cause to disappear (55) and, under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous (白发的) catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such (56) fires in China consume up to 200 million tons of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison (57), the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tons of coal annually, said Stracher, whose (58) analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology. Once (59) underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes (60) of greenhouse gases poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.
The members of the panel discussed the impact (61) these fires may be having on global and
regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to detect (62).
Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to estimate (63) how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested method (64) of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off (65) the oxygen supply. 51. A. house B. underground C. sky D. water 52. A. only B. even C. just D. then
53. A. release B. paste C. consumption D. elimination
54. A. happily B. traditionally C. surprisingly D. fashionably 55. A. exchange B. regenerate C. disappear D. transfer 56. A. Most B. Such C. Some D. Many 57. A. comparison B. case C. time D. turn 58. A. which B. who C. whose D. what 59. A. Yet B. Unless C. Although D. Once 60. A. data B. volumes C. figures D. images
61. A. attack B. impact C. identification D. implication 62. A. develop B. relieve C. detect D. supply
63. A. estimate B. experiment C. gather D. illustrate 64. A. cause B. method C. treatment D. rule 65. A. take up B. back up C. run out D. cut off 答案：
51-55：BBACC 56-60：BACDB 61-65：BCABD
2014职称英语考试真题及答案（理工类B级）
