答案：cheated→cheating 句意：在高考中，被抓到作弊的考生，所考科目将会得零分。这里是catch sb． doing结构的被动形式，所以应把cheated改为cheating。
12．When Mrs Clarke was making tea, she heard the sound of the door be pushed open．
________________________________________________________________________ 答案：be→being 句意：当克拉克夫人正在泡茶的时候，她听到门正在被推开的声音。hear sth． being done “听见某事正在被做，听见某物正在被……”。
13．Imagine getting better grades after improve your study habits． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：improve→improving 介词after后应用动名词形式improving作宾语。 14．He came in suddenly without permitted．
________________________________________________________________________ 答案：permitted前加being 句意：没有经过允许，他就突然进来了。主语he和permit之间存在被动关系，且without后接动名词，因此应用动名词的被动形式being permitted。
15．Comparing with Jim's house, mine is big．
________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Comparing→Compared mine (my house)与compare之间存在被动关系，因此用过去分词compared作状语。
非谓语动词(一)
一、非谓语动词的各种形式
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He is said to_be_studying abroad now．
He is said to_have_studied abroad for 3 years．
The students went out of the classroom, laughing_and_talking． Having_finished my homework, I went to bed． 二、非谓语动词作主语
1．不定式作主语：往往表示一次性的、具体的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置。
2．动名词作主语：往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验，有时也可用it作形式主语，但仅限于几个句型。
It is a great honor to_be_invited_to_speak_here． Playing_the_piano is my hobby．
注意：it作形式主语代替动名词，常出现在It is no use/good doing ．．．, It is useful doing ．．．, It is a waste of time doing ．．． 等句型里。
三、非谓语动词作宾语
动词的不定式和动名词形式可以作宾语，但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语，如果作介词宾语，不定式符号to前面往往有疑问词。
1．只跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
afford, agree, decide, determine, expect, refuse, manage, hope, plan, want, fail, wish, ask, pretend, promise, happen, would like, set out等。
I can't afford_to_take_a_holiday this summer because of the project． He determined_to_return_home early．
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2．只跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)
advise, admit, advocate, allow, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, delay, deny, consider, miss, fancy, finish, forbid, practise, imagine, suggest, escape, resist, risk, mind, feel like, insist on, set about等。
It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped_being_killed in a traffic accident．
Do you feel_like_going_out for a walk?
3．跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，且意义差别不大的动词
like, love, prefer, hate, begin, start, intend等动词后面接动词不定式多指具体的动作；接动名词多指一般或习惯性行为。
She started_playing/to_play the violin when she was four． 4．跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同，但形式不同的动词
在主语表示物的句子中，且作“需要”讲时，need, want, require后接v．-ing形式和不定式形式所表示的意义相同，但是v．-ing形式用主动式，不定式用被动式。
Your T-shirt needs_washing/to_be_washed． My bicycle wants_repairing/to_be_repaired． 5．跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，但是意义不同的动词
??to do 尽力做……try?
?? doing 尝试做……
??to do 打算做……
mean?
??doing 意味着做……
??to do 忘记/记得去做……
forget/remember?
?doing 忘记/记得做过……???to do 遗憾要做……
regret?
?doing 后悔做过……???to do 继续做……go on?
?doing 继续做……?
某事未做某事已做
另外一件事同一件事
??to do 停下来去做……另一件事stop?
?doing 停止做……停下正在做的事???to do 不能帮忙做……can't help?
?doing 忍不住要做……?
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限时25分钟 一、单句语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don't have to run fast or for long ________ (see) the benefit．
答案：to see 句意：为了证实跑步的好处，你不必跑得太快或者太久。用不定式作目的状语。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________ (die) early by running．
答案：dying 作介词of的宾语，使用动名词，故填dying。
3．(2019·福建百所重点学校高三联考) ________ (use) a different mental approach might help explain why people with math anxiety struggle more with complex problems．
答案：Using 根据空格和整个句子的结构可知，此处缺少主语，故使用动名词using和后面的a different mental approach一起作主语，表示一种概念、习惯和经验。
4．(2018·天津高考)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________ (take)．
答案：taken have sth． done “让……被做”，photograph与take之间为被动关系，故用taken。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ________ (challenge)．
答案：looking; challenged avoid后接动名词作宾语，avoid doing sth．意为“避免做某事”。feel为系动词，后接形容词，此处表“被挑战的”，修饰人，故用challenged。
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He was just saying：“I'm king of this forest, and here is
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your reminder！” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay) and watch．
答案：to stay 此处allow sb． to do sth．是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填to stay。
7．(2018·浙江高考)I still remember ________ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time．
答案：visiting 此处作remember的宾语，由句意可知，后面应该使用visiting。 8．(2018·浙江高考)While regularly eating out seems to ________ (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost．
答案：have become 此处seem to后面跟动词原形，但是从后面的“in recent years”可知填不定式的完成式，故填have become。
9．(2018·北京高考)________ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience．
答案：Travel(l)ing 句意：沿着丝绸之路旅游是一个有趣又有回报的经历。分析句子的结构，句子中缺少主语，故填Travel(l)ing。
10．(2018·北京高考)During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together ________ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes．
答案：to share 句意：在中秋节期间，家人们经常聚集在一起来吃饭、赏月和吃月饼。句子的谓语是gather，空格处用不定式作目的状语。
11．(2018·北京高考)Ordinary soap, ________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively．
答案：used 句意：普通肥皂，如果正确地使用，能够有效地对付细菌。空格处的动词use与前面的soap构成动宾关系，指肥皂被使用，故填used。
12．(2019·长春实验中学期末)Don't get ________ (depress) by a big, long-term goal—see what steps you can take to achieve it．
答案：depressed 句意：不要对宏伟长期的目标感到压抑——看看你能采取什么措施实现这个目标。根据前面的get可知，此处是“get＋过去分词”的结构，故使用depressed。
13．(2018·天津高考)I didn't mean ________ (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help ________ (try) it．
答案：to eat; trying 句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但是这冰激凌看起来如此好以至于我忍不住吃了它。固定短语mean to do “打算做”， couldn't help doing “忍不住做”。
14．(2018·江苏高考)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, ________ (exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts．
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(新课标)2020届高考英语一轮复习专题一语法基础考点五非谓语动词(含解析)
