Unit 10 An Invitation
学习重点:
一、表达提议(P115)(P124)
二、可数名词与不可数名词(P116) 三、How much … 和How many ... 重点语法释析
一、 表达提议(P115)(P124) 1. 提出请求
Could you + do sth? 常用于表达请求。
Could you spell it, please? Yes, of course. / No, sorry I can’t. 2. 表达提议Would you like…句型有三种结构 Would you like + 名词?
Would you like a newspaper?
Yes, I would, thanks. / No, thank you. I have one at the office. Would you like + to + 动词?
Would you like to have a coffee? Yes, please. / No, thanks. Would you like + 代词+ to +动词? Would you like me to phone Tim?
3. 提议还可以用what以开头的疑问句表达。
What would you like to drink? I’d like a gin and tonic, please. What would you like, Polly? I’d like a glass of wine, thank you. 4. 主动提出自己做某事,常用的句式为: I’ll(I will)+ 动词原形. I’ll buy the drinks.
5. 提出建议可以用下列几个句型。 What about + 动词-ing形式?
What about seeing this flat? Well, I don’t know How about +动词-ing形式?
How about going to an estate agent? Yes, that’s a good idea. Why don’t you + 动词原形?
Why don’t you go to an estate agent? 6. Shall I + 动词原形? Shall I help you?
7. 请求他人做某事的句型。 Could + 主语 + 动词? Could you buy some wine? Can + 主语 + 动词?
Can you get some mineral water, please? I + would + like + 宾语 + 动词不定式. I’d ( I would ) like you to get some prawns. 二、 可数名词与不可数名词(P116)
表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词,叫做名词。 英语名词可以分为普通名词 (Common Nouns) 和专有名词(Proper Nouns),专有名词表示的是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,Kunming, China等。普通名词表示的是一类人或事物某种物质或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,happiness等。
普通名词可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
从是否可以计数的角度看英语名词可分为可数名词与不可数名词;其中,个体名词和集体名词为可数名词(Countable Nouns),可以用数目来计算;物质名词和抽象名词为不可数
名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般无法用数目计算。
可数名词,如:car, book, computer等;大多都有单数和复数两种形式,复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾-s构成,加词尾-s的主要方式可以参考第一单元的相关内容。
可数名词的数量通常用数词表示,如:three books 三本书 nine bottles九个瓶子,此外,根据需要,可数名词的数量也可以用量词来表示,如:
a basket of apples 一篮苹果 a pile of broken desks 一堆破桌子 four trucks of potatoes 卡车土豆 six sets of tools 六套工具
不可数名词即前面不能直接加数词的名词,如:rice, meat, tea, cotton,water, milk等;需要表示它们的数量时,就需要加量词,这时它们单复数的变化就体现在量词上,如:
a piece of paper 一张纸 seven pieces of paper 七张纸
在使用不可数名词时,应注意以下几点: 1. 不可数名词前不能直接加数词或a (an)。 不能说: a meat, two tea, 而应说:a piece of meat, two cups of tea。
2. 不可数名词无单复数变化,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如: There is some coffee in the glass. 杯里有一些咖啡。 Some food on the table goes bad. 桌子上的食物变质了。
3. 能修饰不可数名词的词有: much, a little, little, a bit, some, any, a lot of, plenty of 等, 以此来表示不确定的数量。如:
much bread 许多面包 a little milk 一点牛奶 a lot of work 许多工作 4. 表示具体的数量时应用单位词加of结构。如: I bought two kilos of rice. 我买了两公斤米。 He ate five pieces of bread. 他吃了五块面包。
Would you like a cup of milk? 你想喝杯牛奶吗?
一般来说,物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词,因此没有复数形式,如:information, progress, milk, butter 等词都是如此;但是某些这类名词,有时却可以有复数形式出现,这时它一般是表示: 1)若干类;如:
Music and painting are fine arts. 音乐和绘画都是艺术。 We need various steels. 2)表示数量之多,如:
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops. 上涨的河水给庄稼造成很大的损害。 三、动词need(P119)
1. need + to do(动词不定式) 2. need + 名词
3. 否定式: doesn't need don't need 4.疑问式:Do + 主语+ need --- Does + 主语 + need --- eg: I need some sugar.
He needs to get some prawns. I don't need any sugar.
He doesn't need to get any prawns. Do you need any sugar?
Does he need to get any prawns?
四、How much … 和How many ... (P120)
how many与 howmuch都是“多少”的意思,均用于引导特殊疑问句,但它们的用法有所区别。
how much用在不可数名词前,也可询问价格或运算结果。如: How much bread do you want? 你要多少面包?
How much is the computer? 这台电脑多少钱? How much is two plus three? 2加3等于多少?
how many用在复数名词前,双方都知道是什么时,how many之后的部分也可省略。如: How many rooms are there in your home? 你家有多少间房? How many floors are there in your house? 你家有多少层?
—I want some apples. 我想要些苹果。
—How many (apples) do you want? 你要多少个苹果? —Two. 两个。
Some 和any的用法(P122)
1) some和any修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词时,some表示一些;any表示有些。 2) 一般来说,some用于肯定句;any用于疑问句,否定句或条件句。
I am looking for some books.
Do you have any books? I do not have any books. 3) 特殊的用法:
a) some一般用于肯定句,但在表示建议或在期望得到对方肯定的回答时,some也可以用于问句中,如:
I have some questions about the passage.
Will you lend me some money? (Please lend me some money.) Would you like some more beer?
b) any一般用于疑问句,否定句或条件句中, 但在表示任何或任何一个时,any和单数名词或不可数名词连用,可以用于肯定句中,如:
Come any day you like.
4) some和any后没有名词时,用做代名词, 此外两者也可做副词。
Some of them are my friends. Is your sister any better?
Would you like some of these cigarettes?
二、重点词汇讲解
1. go shopping 去购物
e. g. I go shopping every day. 我每天去店铺买东西
在这样的一些词组中,在 go 后面用一个 –ing 的形式,这些词组大多跟体育、娱乐活动有关,常见的有:go swimming; go fishing; go boating;
go climbing; go sailing; go walking
Let’s go climbing next weekend. 下周末我们爬山去吧。
Will you go boating with me tomorrow? 明天能与我一块去划船吗? 2. need 做实义动词时意思是:需要, e.g. He needs a bath. 他需要洗个澡了
Do you need any help? 你需要帮忙吗? Need 做情态动词时表示需要,必要
e.g. You needn’t finish that work today. 你今天不必把那项工作做完。
Need you go now? 我现在一定得走吗? 3. on time 准时,按时
e.g. The train arrived ( right ) on time. 火车正点到达
I’ll get to the school on time tomorrow morning. 我明天上午会准时到学校的 in time 及时,不迟
e. g. Will I be in time for the train / to catch the train? 我能及时赶上那趟火车吗?
He has got to the bus station in time. 他及时赶到了公共汽车站。 4. wash v. 洗某物/某人
电大-开放英语1-学习辅导Unit-10-An-invitation-学习辅导教学文稿



