The user-executable file contain the executable programs designed to be launched or started by users. These user-executable files typically have .exe file extensions. The
support
programs
contain
The graphical user interface (GUI) provides a way to point and click a mouse to select menu options and manipulate graphical objects that are displayed on the screen.
Single-user operating system deals with one set of input devices ----- those that can be controlled by one user at a time. Multiuser operating system deals with input, output, and processing requests from many users ----- all at the same time. Multitasking operating system provides process and memory management services that allow two or more programs to run simultaneously.
Network operating system provides communications and routing services that
Spreadsheet software Number crunching software Data management software Graphics software Music software Wav Mp3 is a music compression file format. MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface.
Video editing and DVD authoring software Educational and reference software Entertainment software Business software
Installation and Copyright： Installation basics Distribution media System requirements The installation process
The main executable files and data files for the software are placed in the folder that you specify. Uninstalling
Delete the software’s files from various directories on the computer’s hard disk, also remove references to the program from the desktop and from operating system files.
Uninstall routine on the same menu as the program; Add/Remove program located in the Control Panel. Copyrights
License: publishers typically use 2 techniques
to
validate
a
software
instructions for the computer to use with the main user-executable file. they are not designed to be run by users.
The data files contain any data that is necessary for a task, but not supplied by the user.
Most programmers today prefer to use high-level languages, which have some similarities to human languages and produce programs that are easy to test and modify. A
computer’s
microprocessor
only
allow computers to share data, program, and peripheral devices.
Desktop operating system is one that’s designed for a personal computer. Common operating system Windows Mac OS UNIX
Linux：distributed under the terms of a General Public License (GPL), which allows everyone to make copies for their own use, to give to others, or to sell . DOS
Utility programs are generally used to support, enhance, or expand existing programs in a computer system.
Backup /Data recovery/Virus protection Data compression/Defragmentation Language translators All system software and applications software must be turned into machine language for execution by the computer. Application Software： Document production software Word processing software Desktop publishing software (DTP) Web authoring software
understands machine language -----the instruction set that is hard wired within the microprocessor’s circuits.
High-level languages help the programmer produce a lengthy list of instructions, called source code, which defines the software environment in every detail. Machine language instructions are called object code.
translating instructions from a high-level language into machine language：A compiler translates all of the instructions in a program as a single batch and object code are placed in a new file. An interpreter converts one instruction at a time while the program is running. System software ：
The operating system (OS) interacts with application software, device drivers, and hardware to manage a computer’s resources.
Manage
processor/Manage
license:Shrink-wrap agreements Types of software: Commercial software Shareware Freeware
Open source software
licenses/Installation
memory/Manage files/Manage devices The user interface界面 is the combination of hardware and software that helps people and computers communicate with each other.
Public domain software File Management:
A computer file is a named collection of data that exists on a storage medium.
A filename extension is an optional file identifier that is separated from the main file name by a period.
A computer file’s location is defined by a file specification (path), which includes the drive letter, folder(s), file name, and extension.Each of a PC’s storage devices is identified by a device letter.An operating system maintains a list of files called a directory for each storage medium. The main directory of a disk is referred to as the root directory.A root directory can be subdivided into smaller lists, called subdirectories. These subdirectories are depicted as folders when you use Windows.
File size is usually measured in bytes, kilobytes, or megabytes.The computer keeps track of the date that a file was created or last modified. File management: Application-based file management File management utilities:My Computer and Windows Explorer File
management
metaphors:storage with a group of sectors called a cluster or a block.
Computer Viruses：
A computer virus is a set of program instructions that attaches itself to a file, reproduces itself, and spreads to other files. Types
：
File
virus/Boot
sector
virus/Macro virus
Trojan horses are notorious for stealing passwords.A worm is designed to spread from
computer
to
computer.
no
recognizable symptoms.
Antivirus software is a set of utility programs that looks for and eradicates viruses, Trojan horses, and worms.
metaphor 隐喻. These metaphors are sometimes referred to as logical storage models. One storage metaphor is based on a hierarchical diagram that is sometimes referred to as a tree structure. Physical file storage:
Before a computer can store a file on disk, CD, or DVD, the storage medium must be formatted格式化.
The operating system uses a file system to keep track of the names and locations of files that reside on a storage medium. Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows XP use a file system called NTFS (New Technology File System). Windows 95, 98 and Me use FAT32. To speed up the process of storing and retrieving data, a disk drive usually works
计算机文化基础 英文考点总结[自己整理]3
