2024年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析
10主谓一致
高考对主谓一致的考查非常灵活，除对有关主谓一致的基本规则考查外，主要考查学生对主语的辨识能力，主要是在主语前后添加修饰语。主要有：主语前有分数、百分数或数量词修饰；主语后有各种短语，尤其是介词短语修饰；定语从句中准确辨识先行词等。
考点一 带有修饰语的主谓一致
主语后有短语或从句修饰时，这些修饰语不影响主语的人称和数；主语前的修饰语一般情况下也不影响主语的人称和数，如：在“many a + 单数名词”中，中心词是单数名词；在“more than one + 单数名词”中，中心词是单数名词。但是主语前有数量词时，谓语动词应用与数量词在数上保持一致。
1. All we need _______ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. （2014湖南） A. are
B. was
C. is
D. were
【答案】C
【解析】根据表语a small piece of land可知谓语用单数,而根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时,故选C。
2. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ______ essential to their development. (2013江苏)
A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】A
【解析】主语students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others的中心词是inner motivation，是单数，再由generally可知应用一般现在时。
3. All the scientific evidence that increasing use of chemicals in farming ______ damaging our health. (2012湖南)
A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is 【答案】D
【解析】主句的主语evidence是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；从句主语的中心词是use，of chemicals是介词短语修饰use，不影响主语的数，故谓语动词应用单数。
4. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. (2011江苏) A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting
【答案】B
【解析】主语是the fact，that so many people still smoke in public places是定语从句，修饰the fact，不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数。
5. It is reported that many a new house ______ at present in the disaster area. (2010 陕西) A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built 【答案】D
【解析】 that从句中的主语是house，many a new是修饰语，所以谓语动词用单数；由at present可知，应用现在进行时。many a new house意为“很多房子”，虽然意义上是复数，但形式上是单数，所以谓语动词要用单数。类似的还有“more than one + 单数名词”，意为“不止一个”，意义上是复数，但形式上还是单数。 注意：
“a number of + 复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数，“the number of + 复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数。如：
The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities __________ rising steadily since 1997. (2009山东) A. is B. are 【答案】C
【解析】“the number of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词要用单数；由since 1997可知，应用完成时态。
考点二 后跟介词短语的主谓一致
主语后接 with, together with, along with, as well as, like, such as, besides, but, except, including, in addition to, rather than, more than, no less than等介词或结构引起的短语时，主语不受这些短语的影响，谓语动词由主语的单复数而定。
1. Amy, as well as her brothers, _________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. （2024天津） A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given 【答案】C
【解析】主语是Amy，as well as her brothers不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数；由时间状语when returning to the village last week可知，应用一般过去时。故选C。
2. The musician along with his band members __________ ten performances in the last three months. （2024江苏）
A. gives 【答案】B
B has given
C. have given
D. give
C. has been
D. have been
【解析】主语是the musician，along with his band members不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数；由时间状语in the last three months可知，应用现在完成时。故选B。
3. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. （2017天津）
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards 【答案】B
【解析】主语是sycling，along with jogging and swimming，不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数；又cycling与regard是被动关系，故用被动语态。
4. The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. (2013福建)
A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited 【答案】B
【解析】主语是The famous musician，as well as his students不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数；又由时间状语可知，应用一般过去时。
5. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _______ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. (2010天津)
A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited 【答案】C
【解析】主语是arts，of Tianjin是介词短语做定语，like paper cutting是介词短语，不影响主语arts的数；arts和show是被动关系，故用被动语态。
考点三 并列主语的主谓一致
并列主语的主谓一致应注意一些特殊情况。1. and连接两个单数名词作主语，如果第二个名词前没有冠词或物主代词，则表示同一人或物，谓语动词用单数；如果第二个名词前有冠词或物主代词，则表示不同的人或物，谓语动词用复数。2. “each/every + 单数名词 + （each/every+）单数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数。3. 由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词要和最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
1. Either you or one of your students __________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (2009湖南)
A. are B. is 【答案】B
C. have D. be
D. has been invited
【解析】either ... or连接并列主语时，谓语动词要与其最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。one of your students中，中心词是one，应用单数。 2. — Did you go to the show last night?
— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area __________ invited. （2008陕西） A. were 【答案】D
【解析】“every +单数名词+ and +单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；从last night可知，应用一般过去时。
B. have been C. has been
D. was
3. A poet and artist __________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. （2006 江苏） A. is 【答案】A
【解析】a poet and artist指的是同一个人，意为“一个诗人兼艺术家”，应用单数，由tomorrow afternoon可知，应用现在进行时表示将来发生的事。
考点四 “分数/百分数+ of + 名词”或某些不定代词做主语的主谓一致
“分数/百分数+ of + 名词”做主语时，如果分数、百分数说明的是不可数名词或可数名词单数，则谓语动词用单数，如果说明的是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数。主语是all, some, any, more, most以及the rest, half, part等时，如果指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，如果指代可数名词，则谓语动词用复数。
B. are C. was D. were
1. One-third of the country _______ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _______ black people. (2011湖南)
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is 【答案】A
【解析】“分数/百分数+of+可数名词单数/不可数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数；“the majority of+复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数。
2. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes. (2011安徽)
A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】D
【解析】“the rest of+复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数，这里which指代的是the raw materials，故用复数，再由主句是一般过去时，确定从句也用过去时，故选D。
3. Such poets as Shakespeare ______ widely read, of whose works, however, some ______ difficult to understand. (2010四川)
A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are 【答案】A
【解析】主句的主语是poets，介词短语as Shakespeare不影响主语的数，所以谓语动词用复数；在定语从句中，主语some指代works，是复数，谓语动词应用复数。
考点五 定语从句和倒装句中的主谓一致
定语从句的谓语动词与其先行词在人称和数上保持一致，因此，要准确辨识先行词。倒装句中，主语在谓语动词的后面，应注意辨识。
1. The publication of Great Expectations, which _________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist. （2017江苏）
A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】C
【解析】which引导定语从句，指代The publication of Great Expectations，在从句中作主语，The publication of Great Expectations是单数，谓语动词用单数；叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故选C。
2. The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them. (2013湖南)
A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is 【答案】A
【解析】第一个空的主语是living expenses，所以谓语动词用复数；第二个空的主语是关系代词which，指代的是前面整个主句，谓语动词应用单数。
3. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only of the women who ______ evening dress. (2010 全国) A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 【答案】B
【解析】 先行词是the only (one) of the women，中心词是the only (one)，所以定语从句谓语动词用单数；这里指的是她现在的穿着情况，故用一般现在时。当先行词是“one of the + 复数名词”时，中心词是复数名词，定语从句谓语动词用复数。 4. — Is everyone here? w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*m
— Not yet… Look, there _______ the rest of our guests! (2010 江苏) A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
【精品整理】2024年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题10：主谓一致
