高考英语二轮复习 专题09 名词性从句精品教学案(含解析)
【2014考纲解读】
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。考查的要点主要是连接代词和副词的正确使用,主语、谓语的语序,双重连接词以及特殊句型的使用等。其考点主要包括:
1.考查名词性从句的连接词。如:有词义的连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which; 连接副词when, where, why, how; 从属连词that, whether, if, as if; 无词义的that在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略。
2.考查名词性从句的语序和时态。
3.考查it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况。如:
(1)It+be+形容词(necessary, important, obvious等)+that从句. (2)It+be+过去分词+that从句.
(3)It+be+名词(a surprise, a fact, a shame, an honour等)+that从句. (4)It+不及物动词(appear, happen等)+that从句. 4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气。如:
(1)It is (was)+ essential (important, natural…) +that…; (2)It is (was) suggested (demanded, wished, desired…)that…等。
5.what引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。如:what=the thing that/anything that…; what=the place that…; what=the time that…; what=the person that…等。
6.whoever,whatever,whichever引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。 2014年将重点考查连接词that,what的用法; 特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句; whever引导的名词性从句。
【重点知识梳理】 一、几种易混的从句的辨别
定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时候在形式上很相似,下面提供一些区分的方法: 1.定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系;而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容的。that在定语从句中充当句子成分,可指物或人;而同位语从句中的that在从句中不充当
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任何句子成分,只起连接作用。请比较:
(1)The news (that/which) he told us was exciting. (定语从句,that/which在从句中作宾语,还可以被省略) (2)The news that our team has won is exciting.
(同位语从句,that从句是说明news的内容的,that在从句中不作任何成分,但不能被省略)
辨析
判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法,即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词,如果句子意思成立,则是同位语从句,否则,则是定语从句。如上面第二句,加上be动词后:
The news is that our team has won.句子意思成立,所以是同位语从句。而第一句,加上be动词后:
The news is that he told us.意思不成立,因此不是同位语从句。 【特别提醒】
一般情况下,同位语从句紧跟在它所说明的名词的后面,可是有的时候,为了表达的需要,名词与从句之间被另外一些内容分隔开了,叫做“分隔同位语从句”。对于这类同位语从句,一定要根据句意,找准它所说明的名词。
2.定语从句与状语从句 请看两组句子:
第一组:区分such...as...和such...that...
(1)The new storybook is written in such easy English as beginners can understand. (2)The new storybook is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.
这两句话只有一词之差,但语法结构大相径庭:第一句是as引导的定语从句,as相当于that/which(但不能用that/which),在从句中作understand的宾语。第二句是结果状语从句,that在从句中不作成分。
结论:当从句缺少句子成分时,用such...as...;当从句不缺少句子成分时,用such...that...。
第二组:选用in which, where填空
(1)He left the key ______ he had been an hour before.
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(2)He left the place ______ he lived for many years.
分析:第一句只能填where, where引导的是地点状语从句,修饰主句中的谓语动词。此处where不可换成in which,因为in which只能引导定语从句,本句中根本就没有先行词(后面的从句不是修饰key的)。
第二句填where或in which。根据句意可知,后面的句子是对名词place的修饰,因此此句是定语从句。
二、that与what的区别
that引导名词性从句,在从句中不作任何成分,that本身无意义,只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等,what表示“……的东西或事情”。请比较:
What I need is more time.(what引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语)
That I need more time to do the work is very clear.(that引导主语从句,在从句中不作任何成分)
The village is no longer what it used to be.(what引导表语从句,在从句中作表语) I had no idea what we should do next.(what引导同位语从句,在从句中作宾语) He will tell us what he saw in London.(what引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语) 精析
名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是:分析句子结构,看从句是否缺少句子成分。如果不缺成分,就用that,如果缺少句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等),且表示“……的东西或事情”就用what。
例1.His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out ________it is he is trying to express.
A. that C. who
D. what
B. how
三、who, whoever与no matter who的区别
引导名词性从句,在句中作主语时用who,意思是“谁”,含有疑问意味,whoever意为“无论谁”,不含有疑问意味。whoever在引导名词性从句时,相当于anyone who,其中who
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