课时作业(三十九)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Weighing too much can damage your health，and obesity is a growing problem for both kids and adults around the world.Sleep might be one answer to the problem.A new study has found that elementary school students who slept too little were more likely to gain pounds.
Past studies have shown a link between sleeping less and weighing more，but scientists
have
had
a
tough
time
determining“which_came_first
，
the_chicken_or_the_egg，”says Julie C．Lumeng of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.In other words，it hasn't been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping，or whether sleeping less leads to weight gain.Both scenarios(可能出现的情况) seemed equally possible.
To get a better idea of which causes which，Lumeng and her colleagues interviewed the parents of 785 third graders from around the United States.The parents answered questions about how well their kids slept that year.Three years later，the parents answered the same questions.By sixth grade,18 percent of kids involved in the study were obese.
The scientists found no relationship between weight and the students' race or gender.It also didn't matter how strict their parents were，or whether they were boys or girls.Obesity struck all of these groups equally.Instead，sleep seemed to be the key factor.Over the 3 years of the study，the children averaged a healthy 9.5 hours of sleep a night.Some kids，however，slept a lot more—or less—than others.
For the sixth graders，every hour of sleep above the 9.5—hour average—was linked to a 20 percent lower risk of being obese.Sleep appeared doubly important for the third graders.Every extra hour of sleep they got was linked to a 40 percent drop in obesity.
1．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 imply? A．Scientists have found the exact causes of children's obesity. B．There is always something difficult to understand through theory. C．The cause-effect relationship between weight and sleep isn't clear. D．A person's weight has something to do with the amount of his sleep. 2．What did the interview find out?
A．9.5 hours of sleep a night is enough for children. B．The more a child sleeps，the healthier he will be.
C．Six graders need much more sleep than third graders. D．One's race or gender has nothing to do with his weight. 3．How does the author develop the passage? A．By listing figures.
B．By comparing different opinions. C．By providing examples. D．By conducting a survey.
4．What is the suitable title for the passage? A．The benefits of enough sleep for children B．Sleeping less increases the risk of obesity C．Which comes first，little sleep or obesity? D．How many hours of sleep do children need?
答案：[解题导语]本文是说明文。一项新的研究发现，睡眠过少的小学生更容易发胖。 1．C 解析：句意理解题。画线句表示的字面意思是“先有鸡还是先有蛋”，结合上下文的内容可知，文章引用这句话是为了表明“是睡眠少导致了肥胖还是肥胖导致了睡眠变少”这个问题还没有定论。下文的“In other words, it hasn't been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping, or whether sleeping less leads to weight gain. Both scenarios(可能出现的情况) seemed equally possible”是解题的关键提示信息。
2．D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The scientists found no relationship between weight and the students' race or gender”可知选D项。
3．A 解析：写作手法题。文章主要介绍了一项研究，并列举了很多同该研究相关的数据，故选A项。
4．B 解析：标题判断题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段中的“A new study has found that elementary school students who slept too little were more likely to gain pounds”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，睡眠少会增加肥胖的概率。故B项作文章标题最佳。
Ⅱ.阅读填空
[2017·安徽合肥二检]
Everybody knows the importance of drinking enough water.As we all know，drinking water benefits your skin，muscles and organs.__1__
The main reason for that is related to human biological needs.When you're a baby，you're 75 percent water.Then，as the years get higher，you get drier.__2__ It helps you lose weight，according to a study from the University of Birmingham.
The researchers found that drinking 500ml of water thirty minutes before a meal helped participants lose 10 more pounds than those who did not.__3__ All participants were advised to improve their diet and physical activity levels.84 overweight adults were involved.Among them 41 were told to “preload” with water，while 43 were told to control their water intake before eating.
After 12 weeks，the participants instructed to “preload” with water lost 2.87 pounds more than those in the control group on average.In addition，the participants preloading with water before each of their three main meals every day lost 9.48 pounds over the 12 weeks.__4__
Dr.Helen Parretti，a lecturer at the University of Birmingham，had this to say of the study：__5__ Just drinking 500ml of water，three times a day，before your main meals may help reduce your weight...and this could be an easy way for weight loss.Furthermore，it can be significant for an individual to lose extra weight，making a potential contribution to public health.
A．Another reason to drink water is right here.
B．The study began with a weight management consultation. C．The beauty of these findings is that losing weight is simple. D．But not everyone can get access to tap water in some areas. E．It also helps prevent certain diseases and improve your mood.
F．In contrast，those preloading once a day or never，lost just 1.76 pounds. G．So kids should drink more water instead of coke to keep healthy. 答案：[解题导语]我们都知道喝水的重要性，但是你知道喝水也能减肥吗？
1．E 解析：第一段阐明喝水的重要性；下一段第一句则说喝水是人类的生理需要。由此可知，设空处仍然是讲喝水的好处。E项意为“喝水还能有助于防止某些疾病并能改善心情。”符合语境。
2．A 解析：上文提出喝水对皮肤、肌肉和器官有好处，还有助于预防疾病和改善心情；下文中则提出了喝水有助于减肥，这是另一个好处。故选A项。
3．B 解析：上文提出研究者的发现，然后是一些具体的研究过程，此处起着承上启下的作用，B项中的the study与上文的study与The researchers对应，而其中的控制体重与下文中的实验过程相关。故选B项。
4．F 解析：本段主要介绍喝水减肥的实验过程及结果。空格前讲到一天三餐都喝水的人减掉了9.48磅，实验应该有对比，因此，F项中对比数据符合语境。
5．C 解析：本段是总结性段落：仅仅喝水就可以减肥，这是非常简单的。C项是一句总结性语言，而且与下文内容相符。故选C项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
[2017·湖北八校二联]
In recent years many TV shows have become extremely popular among Chinese audience.Those programs，ranging from talent or dating shows to reality shows 1.________(receive) both commercial success and public attention.
Their popularity is 2.________(main)based on simple facts.First，they care 3.________ social concerns.Second，without exception，they explore a perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.
Despite apparent highlights，much room 4.____ (leave) for improvement.Above all，commercial interests often outweigh 5._____(education)purposes，causing many complaints about the 6.______(bearable)advertisements.In addition，some sharp remarks,7._____ _they are eye-catching，may have misleading effects on the youth.
In my opinion，such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely 8.________(entertain)the public.9.________is expected，these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions.Meanwhile，the 10.________(medium) should also safeguard the values of our society.
答案：[解题导语]娱乐节目不仅要娱乐观众，同时应该承担起更多的社会责任。 1．have received 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：这些节目，从才艺到相亲真人秀都已经获得了商业上的成功和公众的关注。本句是上句的具体阐释，根据上句中的时间状语In recent years可知应用现在完成时。
2．mainly 解析：考查词性转换。句意：它们受欢迎主要是基于简单的事实。分析句子结构可知，is based on为动词短语，故用副词mainly修饰。
3．about 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：首先，它们关注社会热点。care about sth. 为固定搭配，意为“关心，关注……”。故填about。
4．is left 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尽管有亮点，但是提升的空间也很大。分析句子结构可知，room(空间)和leave为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用被动语态，且句子描述的是一般性事实，时态与上文保持一致，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is left。
5．educational 解析：考查词性转换。句意：首先，商业利益常常超过教育目的，从而引起人们对那些令人无法忍受的广告的许多抱怨。设空处修饰名词purposes，应用形容词修饰。故填educational，意为“有教育意义的”。
6．unbearable 解析：考查词形转换。句意见上一题解析。根据句中的complaints可知，该空用bearable的反义词，在单词前加前缀un-。
7．though/although/while 解析：考查连词。句意：除此以外，尽管某些尖锐的评论很吸引眼球，但或许会误导年轻人。根据句意，设空处引导让步状语从句，可用though，
although或while引导。
8．entertaining 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：依我看，此类节目应该承担更多的责任而不仅仅是娱乐大众。分析句子结构可知，of为介词，故用动名词作宾语。
9．As 解析：考查定语从句。句意：正如所期待的那样，这些节目应该在形式和功能上都起积极的作用。本句为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as意为“正如”。类似的结构有：众所周知(As is known to all...)，正如报道的那样(As is reported...)等。
10．media 解析：考查名词单复数。句意：同时，媒体也应该保护我们社会的价值观。根据句意可知此处应用复数，表示各种媒体，故“媒体”要用复数media。
Ⅳ.短文改错 Sunny31st，July
It was sunny today and I was in a good mood.Tired of studying or the noise of city life，I come to the ecology park to enjoy scenery and get relaxing in the afternoon.
While I arrived at the park，what came into its sight were the thick green trees.The air was fresh.In addition，I could clearly see a path around the pond.Lying on the grasses decorated with various flowers，I felt with ease because all that I wanted was peace inside.
Therefore，with time going by quickly，the sun was setting in the west.So I had to return back home.I would never forget such romantic experience，which was really beyond description.
2024版高考英语大一轮复习课时作业：选修八 Unit 4 Pygmalion 含答案
