Section 1 Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as related as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin. The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 Perhaps, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than nal kinship of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.
The findings do not simply corroborate peoples 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects. Section II Reading Comprehension 1、What 2、Concluded 3、On 4、Compared 5、Samples 6、Insignificant 7、Know 8、Resemble 考研
9、Also 10、Perhaps 11、To 12、Drive 13、Ratherthan 14、Benefits 15、Faster 16、understand 17、Contributory 18、Tendency 19、Ethnic 20、see Part A
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) 原标题：2015年考研英语一真题（完整版） TEXT 1
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insistedkings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?
The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above mere polities and embody a spirit of national unity.
It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchys continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf
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and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.
Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.
The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.
While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.
It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service-as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies. 21. According to the first two graphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain [A]eased his relationship with his rivals. [B]used to enjoy high public support. [C]was unpopular among European royals. [D]ended his reign in embarrassment.
22. Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly [A]to give voters more public figures to look up to. [B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality. [C]owing to their undoubted and respectable status. [D]due to their everlasting political embodiment.
23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to graph 4? [A] The role of the nobility in modern democracies. 考研
[B] Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth. [C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families. [D] The nobilitys adherence to their privileges.
24. The British royals have most to fear because Charles [A]takes a tough line on political issues. [B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised. [C]takes republicans as his potential allies. [D]fails to adapt himself to his future role.
25. Which of the following is the best title of the text? [A]Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined [B]Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne [C]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats [D]Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs 21.Dended his reign in embarrassment.
22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status 23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy 24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised. 25. D Carlos, a lesson for all Monarchies TEXT 2
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
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The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.
They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects purse .The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestees reading history, financial history, medical history and
comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of cloud computing. meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.
But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.
26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to [A] search for suspects mobile phones without a warrant. [B] check suspects phone contents without being authorized. [C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents. [D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.
27. The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one of [A] tolerance. [B] indifference. [C] disapproval. [D] cautiousness.
28. The author believes that exploring ones phone content is comble to [A] getting into ones residence. [B] handing ones historical records. [C] scanning ones correspondences. 考研
XX考研资料英语一真题及答案.doc
