精心整理 第
四
章
虚
拟
语
气
（一）状语从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点： 表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 从句（条件） 主句（目的） 表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were） IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting. If+主语+had+动词的过去分词 Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain. 主语+would(shouldcouldmight)+动词原型 主语+would（shouldcouldmight）+have+动词的过去分词 错综时间条件句——主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气 含蓄条件句 1、If+主语+动词过去式 主语+would（couldshouldmight）+动2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形 词原型 3、If+主语+should+动词原形 IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica. 有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow. Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow. 有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，butfor）上下文或其他方式来表示。 Shewouldhavediedwithoutmyhelp.。 条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况 虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句中 在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。 例：原句：1:Ifshewereyounger,she,woulddoit. 去if：Weresheyounger,shewoulddoit. 2:Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim. 去if:Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim 3:Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing. 去if:Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing. 1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。 Hetreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson. 2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 Hespokeasifhehadknownaboutit. 精心整理 3．表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would(might,could)+动词原形 Heactsasifhecouldwininthegame. 注意：1.在asif/asthough句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。 例：Helooksasifhegoingtobeill. 2.asthough或asif引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。 虚拟语气用在lest，forfearthat，sothat及inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思 “Incase”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气 谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成 Forfearthatitmayraintomorrow,weshouldbringanumbrella. （should）+动词原型 例：1.Thegamewillbeputoffincaseit(should)snow. 2.Thegamewillbeputoffincaseitsnows. （二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气 一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1.在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。 对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。 Iwish(that)Iwereabird. 对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或would，could，might+现在完成时。 Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight. 对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。 Iwish(that)Iwould\\couldgo. 在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。 Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff. Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem. 常用的此类动词有： 表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose,suggest,recommend,advise. 表示“要求”的：ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg 表示“同意，坚持”的：insist 表示“决定，命令”的：decide,order 注意：suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 Thesmileonhisfacesuggested(暗示）thathewassatisfiedwithourwork. Themaninsisted【坚持认为】thathehadneverstolenthemoney. 精心整理 Wouldrather，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反 hadrather，后的宾语从Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth. 句中的虚拟语气 用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。 IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday. 注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，wouldrather后用动词原型 2.wouldrather…..than……中用动词原型 Iwouldratherdoitbymyself. I?would?rather?watchTVathome?than?gotothecinema. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 “Itis(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that….”结构中的虚拟语气 表达形式为should+动词原形或省略should It’squitenecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow. 常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。 注意：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。 例：Idon’tthinkitadvisablethattombeassignedtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.(汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的). 在“Itis(was)+名词表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。 +that…..”结构句中的It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance. 虚拟语气 这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。 二．表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气 某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气 表达形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。 Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit. Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff. 在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required…. that-clause句型中从句用(should)+动词原型 Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan. 精心整理 这类名词常见的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。 在Itis(about/high)time+that定语从句中的虚拟语气 表示“该做……..的时候了” 其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型 Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool. 注意：在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat….句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。 Thisisthesecondtimethatwehaveachievedsuchagreatsuccess. ．选择题 1.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow. A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie 2.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden. A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad 3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tget D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot 4._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will 5.Isuggestedtheperson_____tobeputintoprison A.refersB.referringC.referredD.refer 6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____ A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken 7.Iinsisted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhim A.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;beC.hego;wasD.heshouldto;is 8.---Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday ---Ihadrathershe____metomorrowthantoday A.tellsB.toldC.wouldtellD.hadtold 9.---Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible ---Yes,butI____busydoingmyhomework A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe
10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____thesportsmeet
A.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin 11.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasily
A.HaditnotbeenforB.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor 12.Ifmylawyer____herelastSunday,he____mefromgoing A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldprevent C.were,prevent D.were,wouldhaveprevented 13.____hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam
A.Ifheweretowork B.Hadheworked C.ShouldheworkD.Werehetowork
精心整理
14.____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday
A.WerehetoleaveB.Ifhehadleft C.Didhetoleave D.Hadheleft 15.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnow A.are B.were C.wouldbe D.wouldhavebeen
16.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother A.hascome B.didcome C.come D.hadcome
17.He____busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.
A.was,hadhelped B.was,wouldhavehelped C.hadbeen,wouldhavehelped D.were,wouldhavehelped
18.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterday A.werenot,couldhaveclimb B.werenot,couldclimb C.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbed D.hadn’tbeen,couldclimb 19.Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifficulttoday A.is B.willbe C.wouldhavebeen D.wouldbe 20.---Iamgoingtotellherthenews ---Iwouldassoonyou_____heraboutit A.didn’ttell B.don’ttellC.hadn’ttell D.won’ttell 21.Mike’sfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe____home A.stayed B.couldstay C.hasstayed D.stay 22.Itwasrequestedthattheplay____again A.shouldputon B.wouldputon C.beputon D.puton 23.Sheinsistedthatadoctor_____immediately A.hadsentfor B.send C.besentfor D.wassent 24.---Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness ----Yes,but____it A.I’drathernotdo B.I’drathernothavedone C.Ishould’tdo D.I’dbetternotdo 25.IfonlyI___mycar A.hadn’tlost B.wouldn’tlose C.didn’tlose D.haven’tlost 26.Butforwater,it____impossibletoliveintheearth A.is B.would C.were D.wouldn’tbe 27.Iwouldratheryou____anythingaboutitforthetimebeing A.do B.didn’tdo C.don’t D.didn’t 28.Thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe____theirownson A.is B.were C.hadbeen D.shouldbe 29.Howtheoldpeoplewishthatthey____youngoncemore A.were B.couldbecome C.hadbeen D.shouldbe
30.Itishightimethatwe____ameetingtodiscussthisproblem A.hold B.held C.haveheld D.hadheld 31.Thethiefclosedhiseyes____he____dying
A.evenif,was B.though,wouldbe C.even,hadbeen D.asif,were
32.Iwishthatyou____suchabadheadachebecauseIamsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert A.hadnot B.didnothavehad C.hadn’thad D.hadn’thave 33.Thechairmaninsistedthatwe____thequestionagain
A.willdiscuss B.todiscuss C.shoulddiscuss D.willbediscussed 34.Herequestedthatthestudents____themgetincrops A.help B.tohelp C.helped D.helping
35.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_____therules
（完整word版）完整虚拟语气用法表格模板格归纳图
