人教版中考英语复习专题 定语从句章节知识点总结及练习测试题
一、定语从句
1.– Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV? – Sure. It’s a great TV program can develop the habit of reading. A.who 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
句意:——你喜欢中央电视台每周一次的节目《朗读者》吗?——当然了,这是一个很棒的节目,能培养阅读的习惯。
根据句子结构可知,这里考查定语从句,who是关系代词,先行词为人,在从句中作主语或宾语;that先行词人或物都可以,在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句,先排除;whose…的,先行词可以是人或物。这个定语从句的先行词是program,故排除A;D选项意思不合适。故应选B。
B.that
C.what
D.whose
2.Most students like the teachers understand them well. A.which 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析:句意:绝大多数的学生都喜欢能够很好理解他们的老师。分析:考查定语从句的用法,先行词是the teacher,先行词在从句中作主语,因此引导词用who.故选 B 考点:考查定语从句的用法。
B.who
C.where
D.when
3.They want to develop a kind of dog-friendly food _________ will help dog owners cool down their pets. A.who 【答案】C 【解析】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意“他们想研制一种对狗有好处的狗粮,这种狗粮会帮助狗的主人安定他们的宠物。”先行词food指物,排除who;what不能引导定语从句;which指物。故选C。
B.what
C.which
D.whether
4. The dog _______ played with you just now is _______. A.which; mine C.what; mine 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
句意:刚才和你一起玩的那条狗是我的。
B.which; my D.what; my
Which哪一个;what什么;mine名词性物主代词,我的;my形容词性物主代词,我的。形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语。先行词dog在定语从句中作主语可用关系代词which代替。所以选A。
5.—Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree ___ waiting in a line? —They are the students from No. 1 Primary School. A.that are 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
句意:——弗兰克,你看!那些在树下排队的孩子是谁?——他们是来自第一小学的学生。 考查定语从句。根据句意:﹣弗兰克,你看!树下排队的孩子们是谁? ﹣他们是来第一小学的学生.可知先行词是children,指人,作主语,故选代词用who/that;children是复数,系词用are,故选A。
B.where are
C.which is
D.who is
6.—Hey, Anna. Would you like to see The White Storm with me? —You mean, the new police story _____was filmed by Chen Musheng? A.who 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查定语从句引导词辨析。句意:—嘿,安娜。你愿意和我去看电影《白色风暴》吗?—你的意思是由陈木胜拍摄的新警察故事?定语从句的先行词story是物,关系代词在句中做主语,所以引导词用which,故选D。 【点睛】
关于定语从句中的关系词的用法:
关系代词who 指人,在定语从句中作主语;whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语;whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语;which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语;that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;
关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,
先行词既是人也是物的时候,关系代词用that。
B.what
C.whose
D.which
7.Wang Yangming is a great educationalist developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen. A.which 【答案】C 【解析】
B.what
C.who
【详解】
句意:王阳明是教育界的一位伟大的教育家,他的大部分思想都是在修文中发展起来的。A. which关系词,引导定语从句,先行词是物;B. what不能引导定语从句;C. who关系词,引导定语从句,先行词是人,根据 educationalis指人,所以用who,故选C。
8.That was his first invention. It was a machine ________ clothes. A.that used to wash
C.which got used to washing 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
句意:那是他的第一个发明。那是一台用来洗衣服的机器。本题考查的是be used to do sth. “被用于做某事”的用法,而不是be/get used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事”的用法,排除B/C;再由That was his first invention.可知,本题是过去时,因此在that引导的定语从句中,应该用一般过去时的被动句。was used to wash被用来洗衣服,语境是:那是一台被用来洗衣服的机器。故选D。
B.which was used to washing D.that was used to wash
9.China is getting better at making hi-tech products ______ can be bought in all parts of the world. A.who 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
句意:中国在制造高科技产品方面变得更加擅长,并且这些产品世界大部分地区都能买到。
此句考查定语从句的关系词。who引导定语从句时先行词是人,who在从句中作主语或宾语;which引导定语从句时先行词是物,which在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能用来引导定语从句。本句的先行词是hi-tech products高科技产品,指物,用which来引导,故答案为B。 【点睛】
在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:
B.which
C.what
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\介词+ which\结构,因此常常和\介词+ which\结构交替使用,例如:
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
10.— Have you watched the TV play\(人民的名义)?
----It' s the most popular play _______our Party' s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败). A.where show 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
句意:——你看过电视剧《人民的名义》吗?——这是我们党努力反腐的最受欢迎的剧本。考查定语从句。当先行词前有形容词的最高级或者序数词来修饰的时候,关系代词只能用that。故选C。
B.which show
C.that shows
D.who shows
11.﹣ Do you like the weekly talk show,The Readers,on CCTV?
﹣ Sure.It' s a great TV program purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public. A.which 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
句意:﹣﹣你喜欢CCTV的每周脱口秀节目朗读者吗?﹣﹣当然.这是一个很棒的电视节目,其目的是把阅读习惯带回公众.先行词a great TV program,关系词在定语从句中做purpose的定语,故用关系代词whose.故选D.
B.that
C.what
D.whose
12.This is the most beautiful picture __________ I have ever seen. A.that 【答案】A 【解析】
句意:这是我见过的最漂亮的画。考查定语从句。先行词被最高级修饰时,引导词应用that。
结合句意和语境可知选A。
点睛:限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的几种情况:
当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。如:
B.which
C.what
D.who
Have you set down everything that Mr Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 注意: 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。如: Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有被邀请参加婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:The first American movie that I watched was the Titanic. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best museum that I have visited all my life. 4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the first / last等修饰时。如: She is the only person that understands me. 注意: 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用关系代词who。如:
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如:Who is the man that is standing in front of the crowd? 站在人群前面的那个人是谁?Which is the room that Mr Wang lives in? 哪一间是王先生住的房间? 当先行词人与物时。如:Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 当先行词是reason, way(方法)等词时,关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如:She admired the way (that) they solved the questions.
13.All the children like the teachers ________ can understand them. A.what 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
句意:所有的孩子都喜欢能理解他们的老师。
本句是一个定语从句,先行词teachers是人,而且关系词在定语从句中作主语,故用关系代词who引导此定语从句,故选C。
B.which
C.who
D.whose
14.The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister. A.who is singing 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
句意:正在隔壁房间唱英文歌曲的女孩是汤姆的姐姐。
这里使用了定语从句,先行词是the girl,定语从句中缺少主语,用who或that引导定语从句,故选A。
B.is singing
C.sang
D.was singing
15.This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday. A.which 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
B.what
C.whose
D.whom