小学英语1-6年级要点知识点汇总 第一部分:基础知识
1.字母:26个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.语音:元音的发音 五个元音字母:AEIOU
12个单元音: 前元音:[i:] [?] /e/ [?] 中元音:[?:] [?]
后元音:[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u :] [?] [?] 双元音(8个)
Ⅰ.合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [?u] [?i] Ⅱ.集中双元音(3个) [i?][ε?][u?] 3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词 4.句子:大小写,标点符号
第二部分:语法知识
一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格 (一)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry(草莓)-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman(警察)-policemen, policewoman(女警察)-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish,
people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese(日本人的)-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea (二)名词的格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a) 单数后加’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
l并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China(教室的一张中国地图)
二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类: (1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane 2. 用法: 定冠词的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
(2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school. (4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second. (5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况:
(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.
(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等: This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球类、棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well. (7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music. (8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li. (9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
三.代词、形容词、副词 代词:人称代词,物主代词 人称代词物主代词 主格宾格 第一:
人称单数I(我)me my(我的) 复数we(我们)us our(我们的) 第二: