2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
管理类专业硕士学位联考
考生须知
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姓名： 听课证号： Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A,
B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. __1___, a true cashless
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society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2__ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon “revolutionize the very ___3__ of money itself,” only to __4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so __5___ in coming?
Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7__ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8__ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9__ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to __10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of “float”-- it takes several days ___11__ a check is cashed and funds are __12___ from the issuer’s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. __13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may __14__ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15__ there. The fact that this is not an ___16__ occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and __17___from someone else’s accounts. The __18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new filed of computer science is developing to ___19__ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leave an electronic __20___ that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy. 1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise 2. [A] around [B] back [C] over [D] off 3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role 4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse 5. [A] when [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady 6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on 7. [A] expensive [B] imaginative [C] sensitive [D] productive 8. [A] dominant [B] original [C] temporary [D] similar 9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print 10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down 11. [A] when [B] after [C] since [D] before 12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] withdrawn [D] released 13. [A] Unless [B] Because [C] Until [D] Though 14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D] ease 15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] displayed [D] stored 16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] unclear [D] uncommon
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17. [A] choose [B] steal [C] benefit [D] return 18. [A] consideration [B] manipulation [C] prevention [D] justification 19. [A] call for [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] cope with 20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] trail [D] path
Section II Reading Comprehension Part A
Directions: Read the following passages. Answer the questions below each passage by
choosing A B C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In an essay entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog isthere to keep the man away from the machines.”
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and sagging middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is alsobecause of the quantum advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.
In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an averagelifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. Itcan’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above averagecheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra — their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers sofast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every threemanufacturing jobs — about 6 million in total — disappeared.”
There will always be change — new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing weknow for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs willrequire workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.
In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to buttressemployment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21stcentury that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education. 21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate______.
A. the impact of technological advances B. the alleviation of job pressure C. the shrinkage of textile mills D. the decline of middle-class incomes 22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to_____.
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A. adopt an average lifestyle B. work on cheap software C. contribute something unique D. ask for a moderate salary 23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that_____.
A. gains of technology have been erased
B. job opportunities are disappearing at a high spread C. factories are making much less money than before D. new jobs and services have been offered
24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is ____.
A. to accelerate the I.T. revolution B. to ensure more education for people C. to advance economic globalization D. to pass more bills in the 21st century 25. which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?
A. Technology Goes Cheap B. New Law Takes Effect C. Recession Is Bad D. Average Is Over
Text2
A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who hadno intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915,about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionatenickname, \
Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and thelong political paralysis over how to fix it. We don't need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. Tostart, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges. Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and particle physicists are among today's birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go asopportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.
With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. Weneed them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably. Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on bothsides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires
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multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in theexisting system.
26. “Birds of passage” refers to those who_____.
A. find permanent jobs overseas B. leave their home countries for good C. immigrate across the Atlantic D. stay in a foreign country temporarily 27. It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US ____.
A. needs new immigrant categories B. has loosened control over immigrants C. should be adapted to meet challenges D. has been fixed via political means 28. According to the author, today’s birds of passage want_____.
A. financial incentives B. a global recognition
C. opportunities to get regular jobs D. the freedom to stay and leave 29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated_____.
A. as faithful partners B. with legal tolerance C. with economic favors D. as mighty rivals 30. The most appropriate title for this text would be ____.
A. Come and Go: Big Mistake B. Living and Thriving: Great Risk C. Legal and Illegal: Big Mistake D. With or Without: Great Risk
Text 3
Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a momentand think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects ofour quick, hard-wired responses.
Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone isdangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studiesshow, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects ofpersonality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness. If we need to understand how nine justicesresolved a difficult legal issue, we need even more time.
But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm.Psychologists at the University of Toronto, found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses intowhatever else we’re doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.
Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products orhousing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estateagents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases— or hire outside screeners.
John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably
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2013年MBA管理类联考英语真题及答案解析
