海员英语面试101条（船长、大副、二副、三副适用）
1、What do you know about IMSBC Code?
MSBC code refers to IMO’s Bulk Cargo Code. In this code, bulk cargo operation procedures are stated. This is a very important manual and the chief officer must study it with care and follow the instruction in the code in practical work, especially when he makes the stowage plan.
2、The ISM Code required preventive maintenance schedules. How do you make your maintenance schedules?安全管理规则要求做到预防性维护。你如何作出预防性维护计划?
According to the ISM Code, the preventive maintenance plan is made based on the ship’s “Planned Maintenance System” and the machinery running hours records. This plan should be made on an annual basis(or a five-year basis). Usually, the monthly maintenance schedules are made based on the annual preventive maintenance plan and the basic occasional maintenance work.
根据ISM规则，预防维护计划是基于船舶的“PMS”和机械运转时间记录来制定的。这个计划应该是在年度或五年基础上来制定的。通常月度维护计划是基于年度预防维护计划和非经常性发生的工作来制定的。
3、What is the purpose of the ISM Code? What is DPA in ISM Code?
ISM 规则的目的是什么?ISM规则中DPA是什么意思?
The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ship’s and for pollution prevention. DPA stands for Designated person(s) Ashore. His responsibility includes monitoring safety, pollution prevention aspects on behalf of the shipowner.ISM 规则的目的是提供针对船舶安全管理和操作以及防污染的一个国际标准。DPA的意思是;岸上的指定人员。他的职责是代表船东负责防污染，安全操作方面的事务。
4、What does DOC imply?DOC 表示什么?
DOC 表示符合文件。船舶公司应该建立和维护程序去控制所有与SMS有关的文件和数据。每条船都应该携带与本船相关的所有文件。
5、What is SMC?SMC 表示什么?
SMC means Safety management Certificate. It should be issued to a ship by the administration or an authorized organization. SMC是指安全管理证书.他是由船旗国指定的机构和组织对船舶签署的证书。
6、What is the purpose of ISM Audit? What is the Critical Equipment and System?
ISM审核的目的是什么?系统中的关键设备指什么?
These are those where sudden loss of functional capability or where failure to respond when activated manually or automatically may create high-risk situations or major accidents. For example, main engine, steering gear and so on.
审核是系统地并且不受约束地去检验是否ISM活动和结果符合计划的安排，是否这些安排是预先有效地达到公司和海事法规的目标。关键设备指的是突然失去性能或者当手动或自动地作用时会造成高的危险情形或大的事故。例如主机、舵机等等。
7、What are the critical Operations and conditions?什么是关键操作和临界状态?
Critical Operations and Conditions are those which have a significant risk of causing major injuries or illness to people, or damage to ship, cargo, other property and/or the environment.
关键操作和临界状态是指能够引起对人员所造成重大伤害，造成船舶损坏，货物或其它的财产和环境的损坏的重大危险的操作。
8、What does Non-Conformity mean? What is Major Non-Conformity?
什么叫不符合?什么是重大不符合?
Non-Conformity means an observed situation where the objective evidence indicates the Non-Fulfillment of a specified requirement. Major Non-Conformity is an identifiable deviation which poses a serious threat to personnel or ship safety or serious risk to environment. Which requires immediate correction the action. Lack of effective and systematic implementation of the ISM Code is also a Major Non-Conformity.
不符合指的是观测到的情形而有客观的证据显示此情形没有执行规定的要求。重大不符合是指一个确定的违背，其对人员或船舶的安全/环境造成了严重的威胁。此种违背要求立即去改正。对ISM规则缺乏有效的和系统的执行同样也是一个重大不符合。 9、What is a near accident? Please give an example to show your understanding.
什么叫险情?请
举例说明。
10、Before entering an enclosed space such as ballast tank, what action will you take?
在进入封闭空间前，(如压载水舱)应作什么准备工作?
the workers in an enclosed space.
11、请说出进入封闭舱室需要的安全氧气含量
More than 18% and no more than 23% of oxygen in an enclosed space will be ok for the safety of the workers. 大于18%，小于23% 的氧气含量是安全的。
12、Have you ever seen SOPEP? What is SOPEP?
您知道SOPEP吗?什么是SOPEP?(船舶油污应急计划)
Yes, of course. SOPEP stands for Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan.是的，当然。SOPEP代表船舶油污应急计划。
13、What information you could receive form SOPEP从SOPEP中你能得到什么信息?
The SOPEP should contain (but not limited to )the following content; Procedures to be followed by the Master or other crew in case of oil pollution. Pollution reporting system and the authority or persons to be contacted in the event of pollution including the telephone numbers etc. Detailed description of actions to be taken immediately by persons on board to reduce or control the discharge of oil after the incident. List of oil spill response equipment to be maintained and prepared on board.(Removers, sprayer, oil absorbent, saw dust, sand, waste rags, scoop. Shovels, buckets, bamboo brooms, portable pump, protective clothing, portable containers.). The essence of the Plan is to avoid any possible oil leakage and oil pollution. Simply speaking, SOPEP should include such things as emergency equipment used in detailing with oil pollution, the muster list for oil pollution, the report procedure when the accident happens etc. code. IOPP is the certificate for the vessel that is qualified for the requirements issued by the class on oil pollution prevention.
SOPEP应该包括但不限于以下内容;一旦发生油污染船长和其它船员要遵守的程序。在溢油事件过程中，污染报告系统和要联系的机构或人员包括电话等等。污染事件发生后，船上人员要立即采取行动去减少或控制油排放的详细描述。船上要备有要求的防污染设备随时可用(去油剂，喷雾剂，吸油剂，锯末，沙，破布，锹，铲子，桶，竹扫把，移动泵，防护衣，可移动容器)计划的本质就是去避免任何可能的漏油和溢油。简单地说，SOPEP应该包括像应急联系(电话和其它的通讯方法，地址等等)，处理溢油所用的设备，溢油应变部署表，发生事故时的报告程序。根据ISM规则，SOPEP在大多数船上是强制要求的。当船舶符合防污染要求时，船舶会得到船级社签发的IOPP证书。
14、Could you list international conventions concerning marine shipping?
您能列出有关海运的国际公约吗?
There are many conventions. For example: SOLARS, STCW95, MARPOL73/78…..有许多公约。像。。。。。
15、If you found an oil spill in the sea, how would you react?
如果您在海上发现跑油，将如何作出反应?
positive action to control the pollution and make an entry in the logbook.
立即报告最近的港口当局然后采取正确的行动去控制污染并将整个过程记入LOGBOOK。
16、Do you keep record while crew works?
您对船员的工作做记录吗?
Yes, of course. According to SMS, every event should be recorded as evidence. The general rule is no record, no behaviors. 是的，当然。根据SMS，每一个事件都应该做记录以作为证据。
17、How often should you test lifeboat engine? Who takes charge of the operation? Who takes of maintenance and repair work?
您多长时间试验一次救生艇机?谁负责操纵艇机?谁负责维护和修理艇机?
One week interval. SMS requires that every crew on board is capable of operating it. The fourth Engineer must take charge of maintenance and repair work.
18、what is a classification society? What is the purpose of classification survey? Please list some famous classification societies in the world.
A classification society is usually an independent organization that carries out classification surveys, statutory surveys, surveys related to notarial matters for ships, offshore installations, marine freight containers, materials and marine equipment. It also provides safety management certification services to shipping companies and their ships. The purpose of classification survey is to evaluate the situation of a ship and the management of a company and its ship.
Some of the famous classification societies are: 美国船级社 ABS American Bureau of Shipping；法国船级社 BV Bureau Veritas；中国船级社 CCS China Classification Society；
中国验船中心 CR China Corporation Register of Shipping；挪威船级社 DNV Det Norske Veritas；德国劳氏船级社 GL Germanischer Lloyd；韩国船级社 KR Korean Register of Shipping；英国劳氏船级社 LR Lloyd's Register；日本海事协会 NK Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (ClassNK)；意大利船级学会 RINA Registro Italiano Navale；俄罗斯船级社 RS Russian Maritime Register of Shipping。
船级社(Classification society)是一个建立和维护船舶和离岸设施建造和操作技术标准的非政府组织。通常通过对于船舶监造和定期检查来确保航海设备满足其规范。船舶检验是船舶检验机构对船舶及其设备的技术状况进行检验、审核、测试和鉴定的总称。船舶技术证书是证明船舶技术状况的文件。船舶只有通过相应的检验，才能取得必要的技术证书或保持技术证书继续有效。 船舶检验的目的在于通过对船舶及其设备的检验，促使船舶公司保持船舶的良好技术状况，以保证船舶的营运安全和防止污染、损害海洋环境；保证船旗国和港口国政府对船舶实施有效的管理和控制；同时也为船舶所有人提高船舶在航运市场的竞争力，降低保险费率；以及为公证、索赔、海事处理等提供必要的技术依据。
19、Can you talk about the previous vessels you worked on board? 20、What type of cargo was carried on board your last vessel?
Bulk cargo: cement, cement clicker, nickel, ore, iron, sand, phosphorus rock, potash in bulk, salt, grain, pet coke, coal etc.. General cargo: vehicle, loader, wagon, heavy lifts, over-length cargo, mine equipment, steel construction material. Other: log, plywood, container, and so on.
21、Where was your last vessel’s trading area? Which ports have you called?
I have rich experience in calling the ports in the US, some developing countries and in the passage through the Suez Canal, and Denver strait, and Denmark Strait. Some useful expressions for trading area: 全球航线ocean-going, world widely, globally, worldwide; 固定航线fixed route.
22、Can you tell me the differences between the Chinese state-owned shipping companies and foreign shipping companies?
Basically, in my opinion, there are not big differences at all. It seems to me that foreign owners are more concerned about the master’s overriding authority on board while the Chinese shipping companies tend to ask their local agents to do more for the vessel. Another major difference between them is that the Safety Management System of the Chinese companies is in Chinese and the working language on board is Chinese. What’s more, most of the Chinese owners use the CCS for classification while foreign owners may use different classification societies.
23、In case of cargo damage, for example, before the vessel arrives at the discharging port, you find the quality of the surface cargo has changed, how would you handle it?
I have to look into the reason and volume of the damage first, and then I’ll contact the owner for instruction. In the event of small quantity of grain, I shall just throw it into the sea to avoid disputes. Or I will follow the owner’s instruction to contact it’s the P&I correspondent or local agent for their advice.
If necessary, I’ll prepare a Sea Protest to claim that the ship owner and the crew have exercised their due diligence.
24、How do you understand the master’s overriding authority under emergency situations?
If the situation and time permit, the master should always report to the company first before taking actions. However, when the ship is in immediate danger, the master shall exercise his overriding authority and take whatever actions necessary in dealing with an emergency situation in order to protect the safety of the seafarers, the cargo, the vessel, the port and the environment without considering too much the demands of the ship owner and the charterer. Nevertheless , the master should report to the company in detail what has happened after the event.
25、Can you tell me about your experience as a captain?
Hints: your experience may include such things as the duration you have worked as a captain, the places or ports you have ever been to, the types of vessels you have ever served, the types of cargo you have ever experienced, the management styles on the vessels, and so on. Please also refer to chapter one for more detailed answers.
26、What is the master’s standing order?
It is basically the master’s own set of instructions and orders for the vessel’s operation. The contents may include the watch-keeping duties for the officers, when to ask for order from the master, the port entry procedure, and how to deal with emergency situations like oil pollution, fire disaster, collision, grounding, as well as when to call the master to the bridge, and so on. For special vessels( tanker, LPG or car carriers, etc.) the standing orders may have some more contents.
The standing order is normally found on the first pages of deck log book and in the bridge order book. Besides, some warnings shall be
prominently posted on the bridge and read and signed by all duty officers.
27、How do you understand the importance of keeping good and harmonious relationship with the chief engineer and other officers and engineers?
Without harmonious relationship with the chief engineer and the other officers and engineers, the master cannot manage the ship well. but how can the master achieve it ? first of all, the master must have close contact with the department heads because the daily
management is delegated to them although the master himself in responsible for the overall safety and personnel management. Secondly, the master himself must know his job well and know when to do what and how. Thirdly, the master should by very strict in himself in discipline and behavior. Fourthly, he should be fair in job assignment, pay distribution and other daily management. But if someone on board breaks the master’s order or the rules on purpose, the master will have to penalize the offender and can consider firing him according to the procedure of the ship owner.
28、Did you have the experience of working with foreign crews?
Yes, I have worked on four ships of mixed crew from china, China Taiwan, Philippine, Vietnam, Russia, South Korea, Japan, Burma and Ukraine.
29、How do you differentiate the Chinese crews and the Philippians crews? Or how do you like the Philippine(Korean,Vietnamese, Indian, Burmese, Ukrainian, Russian, British etc.) seamen?
I had the experience of working with the Philippine crew. The Philippine are mostly very professional and obedient. Sometimes they are also demanding in terms of wages. As a whole, they are very nice seafarers.
30、Can you tell me about the companies you have worked for ?what are the differences among these companies?
The company I have worked for the past ten yeas is a state-owned company. It is a good company. But the management of the company is, in some ways, different from foreign shipowners companies.
31、How is a passage/voyage plan made on board ships? What materials do you need to refer to when you make such plans?
Usually, a passage plan should be made before a new voyage starts. The master should give the second officer the sailing instructions and his intentions on the sailing routes and before the second officer prepares the draft plan. Then the master is supposed to check it very carefully. If something wrong is found in the passage plan, the master should ask the second officer to correct it immediately. If nothing is wrong about the draft, the plan shall be ratified and implemented.
When the second officer is making the draft plan, the master should help provide some important information sources for the second officer, such as the port entry guidance, the sailing directions, list of lights, tidal stream tables, deep draught vessel planning guide, the IMO ship route guidance, government and port authority’s regulations, pilot charts, notice to mariner, weather information, and the voyage plan and so on.
The master should ensure that the plan covers “berth to berth” area in the passage. And the master should help the second officer to select the best sailing route that will save fuel and time, and avoid bad weather conditions.
32、Can you describe the preparation procedures before entering the US ports?
First, I must check all the certificates for the vessel and the seamen to make sure all the necessary certificates are available to deal with the customs clearances, the sanitary checks and other port checks. In addition, I must prepare such publications as currently corrected navigational charts, US coastal pilot guide, light list book, tide table, US inland rules of navigation, and recent notice to mariners. Forty-eight hours prior to entry to a US port, I shall conduct the following emergency steering drills and log them into the record books: operation of the main steering gear from steering compartment, communication between bridge and steering compartment, and alternative power supply. I shall also inform the qualified individual of my arrival.
Twenty-four hours before arrival in a US port, I shall notify the USCG of my ship’s arrival.
Twelve hours prior to arrival in a US port, the following equipment shall be tested and recorded in the log book: primary and second steering gear, internal control communications and alarms, standing-by emergency generator, and main propulsion machinery. Drills are also the priorities of my preparatory work. Usually, the port authority of the US pays special attention to the drills. So boat drills, fire-fighting drills and other drills must be carried out before entering into any US port.
Sanitary situation of my ship is another consideration. Proper disposal of garbage on my ship and anti-pollution devices examination are very important.
All in all , much more care should be taken before entry into any US port than in the ports in other countries.
33、Did you encounter any problems during PSC inspections in the US ports?
No, I have never met any big problems because I always made good preparation before my vessel called at US port. Each time I was able to go through the PSC inspections smoothly.
Or you can say: Yes, I once had a problem during PSC inspection in a US port. The ARPA couldn’t be activated since the power supply was out of work. The USCG only allowed us a few hours to repair it. To their satisfaction, the ARPA was back to normal after only one hour. Luckily we didn’t have any fine imposed on us. I understand from this experience that good preparations in advance are very important. Even if there is a problem, I will ask my crew to rectify it in the least possible time.
34、How should the pre-departure seminar be conducted in the port?讨论会
According to my experience, a safety meeting shall be held prior to departure and some of the important issues like the un-berthing operation(including the deck and engine room), cargo & hull lashing check, stowaway check, cooperation with the pilot and other engineering(technical) matters should be discussed at the meeting.
35、Why should the master always be aware of the actions being taken by the pilot?
Well, it’s because the presence of the pilot on the bridge does not relieve the master from taking any measures necessary to assure the safety of the ship and marine environment. If he finds that the pilot’s orders are doubtful, the master has to clarify the orders immediately. When necessary, the master shall command the ship’s navigation himself.
36、What should the master do if he is unsure about his legal standing in a foreign country or a strange port?法律地位
He must contact the company at once for advice. He should also , if necessary, consult the local correspondent of the owner’s P&I and the local agent of the ship who can provide valuable advice and assistance.
37、What should the master do if the figures of the loaded quantity are abnormally different from those on the bills of lading?
The master should report the case to the ship owner as soon as possible. At the dictation of the company, the master should prepare and send a letter of protest to the notary surveyor or terminal/port authority under the instruction of the ship owner. In such case, the master should also require further measurements and calculations to be made.口述，口授
38、What contents are shown on the bill of lading if the ship is loaded with bulk cargo?
Usually, the following items are shown on the bill of lading: Measure, quality, quantity, condition, contents and value unknown etc.. different companies may have different formats for their respective B/L. a B/L consists of three original copies that have the same legal validity. The first copy the consignee shows will deny the validity of the other two copies.
39、Do you know the insurance coverage provided by a P&I Club?
A P&I Club is a non-profit association of ship owners that provides mutual insurance against maritime risks. It covers the risks that are not covered by the Hull Insurer, such as personnel illness and injury, cargo damage, collision with another vessel, stowaways and refugees, damage to fixed or floating objects, pollution and so on.
40、Could you explain what the SOLAS 74 and MARPOL 73/78 are? What is the relation between SOLAS74 and ISM Code?
SOLAS is the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. It is the most important international convention on the safety of life at sea made and passed by IMO. The ISM Code is listed as chapter 9 of the SOLAS74. It is to ensure safety of the ship, the seamen, the port and the cargo, as well as the marine environment.
41、Prior to a ship’s departure, what tests should be made and logged in the ship’s log book:
Some of the key test to be done before sailing: steering gear test.Ship’s clocks and engine telegraph tests and harmonization.Internal, external and portable communication equipment test.The whistle and navigational lights tests.Relevant electronic position-fixing equipment(ARPA, RADAR, GMDSS)test.Any other tests that the master thinks necessary.
42、How often at least should the emergency steering drill be held?
It should be held at least every three months. But actually, the more often the drill is done, the better. But before entering into some ports, for example, in the US where PSC inspections are very strict, it is very important to have drills prior to entry.
43、How do you maintain the minimum under keel clearance( MUKC) when the vessel is during passage, in fairways and inside ports?
海员英语面试101条船长、大副、二副、三副适用
