is responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for all Department statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the \d grade\y, a library of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and provide the inventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the company's raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management; 19, is responsible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment offixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department of the company organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the company's business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a basis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, is一. 选择题（每空1分，共20分）
1． 将有关数据加以分类、统计、分析，以取得有利用价值的信息，我们称其为
______。
A. 数值计算 B. 辅助设计 C. 数据处理 D. 实时控制 2． 目前的计算机，从原理上讲______。
A. 指令以二进制形式存放，数据以十进制形式存放 B. 指令以十进制形式存放，数据以二进制形式存放 C. 指令和数据都以二进制形式存放 D. 指令和数据都以十进制形式存放
3. 根据国标规定，每个汉字在计算机内占用______存储。
A.一个字节 B.二个字节 C.三个字节 D.四个字节 4. 下列数中最小的数为______。
A.（）2 B.（52）8 C.（2B）16 D.（44）10
5. 存储器是计算机系统的记忆设备，主要用于______。
A.存放程序 B.存放软件 C.存放微程序 D.存放程序和数据 6. 设X= —0.1011，则[X]补为______。
A.1.1011 B.1.0100 C.1.0101 D.1.1001 7. 下列数中最大的数是______。
A.（）2 B.（227）8 C.（96）16 D.（143）10
8. 计算机问世至今，新型机器不断推陈出新，不管怎样更新，依然保有“存储程
序”的概念，最早提出这种概念的是______。 A.巴贝奇 B.冯. 诺依曼 C.帕斯卡 D.贝尔
9. 在CPU中，跟踪后继指令地指的寄存器是______。
A.指令寄存器 B.程序计数器 C.地址寄存器 D.状态条件寄存器 10. Pentium-3是一种______。
A.64位处理器 B.16位处理器 C.准16位处理器 D.32位处理器 11. 三种集中式总线控制中，______方式对电路故障最敏感。
A.链式查询 B.计数器定时查询 C.独立请求 12. 外存储器与内存储器相比，外存储器______。
A.速度快，容量大，成本高 B.速度慢，容量大，成本低 C.速度快，容量小，成本高 D.速度慢，容量大，成本高 13. 一个256KB的存储器，其地址线和数据线总和为______。 A.16 B.18 C.26 D.20
14. 堆栈寻址方式中，设A为累加器，SP为堆栈指示器，MSP为SP指示的栈顶单元。
如果进栈操作的动作顺序是（A）→MSP，(SP)-1→SP。那么出栈操作的动作顺序应为______。
A.(MSP)→A，(SP)+1→SP B.(SP)+1→SP，(MSP)→A
C.(SP-1)→SP，(MSP)→A D.(MSP)→A， （SP）-1→SP 15. 当采用______对设备进行编址情况下，不需要专门的I/O指令组。 A.统一编址法 B.单独编址法 C.两者都是 D.两者都不是 16. 下面有关“中断”的叙述，______是不正确的。
A. 一旦有中断请求出现，CPU立即停止当前指令的执行，转而去受理中断请求 B. CPU响应中断时暂停运行当前程序，自动转移到中断服务程序
is responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for all Department statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the \d grade\y, a library of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and provide the inventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the company's raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management; 19, is responsible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment offixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department of the company organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the company's business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a basis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, isC. 中断方式一般适用于随机出现的服务
D. 为了保证中断服务程序执行完毕以后，能正确返回到被中断的断点继续执行
程序，必须进行现场保存操作
17.下面叙述中，______是正确的。
A.总线一定要和接口相连 B.接口一定要和总线相连
C.通道可以替代接口 D.总线始终由CPU控制和管理 18.在下述指令中，______指令包含的CPU周期数最多。
A.CLA B.ADD 30 C.STA 1 31 D.JMP 21 19.设寄存器位数为8位，机器数采用补码形式（含一位符号位）。对应于十进制数-27，
寄存器内为______。
A.27H B.9BH C.E5H D.5AH 20.某寄存器芯片的存储容量为8K×1位，则它的地址线和数据线引脚相加的和为____。
A.11 B.12 C.13 D.14
二. 填空题（每空1分，共20分）
1. 计算机软件一般分为两大类：一类叫A.______,另一类叫B.______。操作系统属
于 C.______ 类。
2. 一位十进制数，用BCD码表示需A.______位二进制码 ，用ASCII码表示需
B.______位二进制码。
3. 主存储器容量通常以KB表示，其中K=A.______;硬盘容量通常以GB表示，其中
G=B.______K。
4. RISC的中文含义是A.______,CISC的中文含义是B.______和C.______。 5. 主存储器的性能指标主要是存储容量，A.______和B.______。
6. 由于存储器芯片的容量有限，所以往往需要在A.______和B.______两方面进行扩
充才能满足实际需求。
7. 指令寻址的基本方式有两种，A.______方式和B.______方式。
8. 存储器和CPU连接时，要完成A.______的连接；B.______的连接和C.______的连
接，方能正常工作。
9. 操作控制器的功能是根据指令操作码和A.______，产生各种操作控制信号，从而
完成B.______和执行指令的控制。
三. 简答题（每题5分，共20分）
1. 指令和数据均存放在内存中，计算机如何从时间和空间上区分它们是指令还是数
据。
2. 什么是指令周期？什么是机器周期？什么是时钟周期？三者之间的关系如何？ 3. 简要描述外设进行DMA操作的过程及DMA方式的主要优点。
4. 在寄存器—寄存器型，寄存器—存储器型和存储器—存储器型三类指令中，哪类
指令的执行时间最长？哪类指令的执行时间最短？为什么？
四. 应用题（每题5分，共40分）
1. 求十进制数-113的原码表示，反码表示，补码表示和移码表示（用8位二进制表
示，并设最高位为符号位，真值为7位）。
is responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for all Department statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the \d grade\y, a library of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and provide the inventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the company's raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management; 19, is responsible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment offixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department of the company organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the company's business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a basis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, is2. 某机指令格式如图所示：
OP X D 15 10 9 8 7 0
图中X为寻址特征位，且X=0时，不变址；X=1时，用变址寄存器X1进行变址；X=2时，用变址寄存器X2进行变址；X=3时，相对寻址。设（PC）=1234H，（X1）=0037H,
(X2)=1122H，请确定下列指令的有效地址（均用十六进制表示，H表示十六进制） (1)4420H (2)2244H (3)1322H (4)3521H (5)6723H
3. 将十进制数354５８ 转换成二进制数、八进制数、十六进制数和BCD数。
4. 浮点数格式如下：1位阶符，6位阶码，1位数符，8位尾数，请写出浮点数所能表
示的范围（只考虑正数值）。
5. 现有一64K×2位的存储器芯片，欲设计具有同样存储容量的芯片，应如何安排地
址线和数据线引脚的数目，使两者之和最小。并说明有几种解答。
6. 异步通信方式传送ASCII码，数据位8位，奇校验1位，停止位1位。计算当波
特率为4800时，字符传送的速率是多少？每个数据位的时间长度是多少？数据位的传送速率是多少？
7. 已知某8位机的主存采用半导体存储器，地址码为18位，采用4K×4位的SRAM
芯片组成该机所允许的最大主存空间，并选用模块条形式，问：
（1） 若每个模块条为32K×8位，共需几个模块条？ （2） 每个模块条内有多少片RAM芯片?
（3） 主存共需多少RAM芯片？CPU需使用几根地址线来选择各模块？使用
何种译码器？
8. 试说明总线结构对计算机系统性能的影响。
计算机组成原理测试题及答案2
