常见的字母与字母组合发音规则
(I)元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则
●元音字母的发音
(一)元音字母a
1.重读开音节/ei/ paper;late;make;lake;face 2.重读闭音节/?/ bag;fat;cat;ladder;mass (*例外:any一些/e/ ;many许多/e/ ) 3.非重读音节 /?/ 或/i/
即:/?/ ——ago;al ong;among;above;aloud
/i/ —— comrade;village;manager;palace;private;necklace *连续相同的辅音(字母),一般只发一个音,而且归属后一个音节段。如上的ladder,village. 4.在字母w或wh后面,发/?/ was;wash;what;want; (*例外:water水/?:/ )
5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里 ,重读时均发/a:/
即:dance;France;chance ask;mask;task;basket class;grass;glass;pass;——(*例外:mass/?/ )
fast;cast;past;last;master;father;path;bath;—— (*例外:maths/?/ )
(二)元音字母e
1.重读开音节/i:/ me;he;she;these;evening 2.重读闭音节/e/ hen;get;set;tell;echo
3.非重读音节/i/ useless;ticket;basket;pocket;before;below;
(三)元音字母i或y
1.重读开音节/ai/ China;try;my;hi;time;guide; 2.重读闭音节/i/ sit;hit;ill;little;system; 3.非重读音节/i/ unit ;study
(四)元音字母o
1.重读开音节/?u/ no;so;go;home;photo; 2.重读闭音节/?/ not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;
3.非重读音节/?/ purpose;concern
4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前,均发/?/
son;month;come;ton;(*例外:Tom/?/ ) love;dove;glove;above;another mother;brother;become;some
5.两个单词:woman/‘w u-m?n/ 女人(单数);women/‘w i-min/ 女人(复数)
(五)元音字母u
1.重读开音节/ju:/ pupil;stud ent;use;cube 2.重读闭音节 /?/ 或/u/
即:/?/ —— cut;luck;umbrella;us
/u/ —— put;full;pull
3.非重读音节/?/ autumn ;August;support
●元音字母组合的拼读规则
(一)元音字母a的字母组合
1.ai或ay在重读音节中/ei/ rain;train;brain;pain day;may;play;stay;lay
*ay在非重读音里/i/ 或/ei/ Sunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday 2.al+ 绝大多数辅音字母 /?:/ small;wall;call;talk;walk;chalk 或/?: l/ also;always *al后面是k时,只发/?:/
al+f或m时,al发/a:/ half;calm
-al在词尾非重读/(?)l/ medal;metal;(例外 canal运河,重音在后/?l/ ) 3.-ance在重读时/a: ns/ chance;dance;France
在非重读时/? ns/ importance;performance;ambulance 4.-ant非重读/?nt/ assistant;important;peasant
5.-ange一般/eind?/ change;danger;strange ;(*但 orange /ind?/ ) 6.-age 一般/id?/ village;carriage;marriage
7.-ask一般重读时/a: sk/ ask;mask;task ;basket
8.-ass一般重读时/a: s/ class;glass;grass;pass;(*但 mass/?/ ) 9.-ast一般重读时/a: st/ last;past;fast;cast -aste一般/eist/ waste;paste;taste
10.-ath一般/a: θ/ bath;path;(*但 maths/?θ/ ) 或/a: e/ father;rather;(*但 gather/?e/ ) 11.-au一般/?:/ cause;autumn ;August;
(*但 because/?/ ) -augh(t)/?: (t)/ caught;taught;daughter (*例外:laugh/la:f/ )
12.-aw/?:/ draw;saw;law;awful
13.a在字母w或wh后面,a发/?/ was;wash;want;what;(*但 water/?:/ ) 14.-ar重读音时/a:/ party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star 在字母w或音/w/ 后面时 /?:/ war;warm;warn ;towards; *quarter 在非重读音时/-?/ beggar;dollar;solar
15.-are一般/-ε?/ hare;bare;dare;stare;rare;care;parent 16.-air一般/-ε?/ chair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair 17.-able 一般/eibl/ able;cable;tabl e;stable
(二)元音字母e的组合
1.-ea重读音节有四个音,分别是下列:
-ea/i:/ team;meat;lead;teach;read;mean;please;steal -ea/e/ threat;bread;meant;read(过去式和过去分词 );peasant -ea/i?/ real;really -ea/ei/ great;break
2.-ee/i:/ feel;week;keep;three;steel;street;sweep;see *但是一个例外:coffee/i/
3.-eer/i?/ deer;pioneer;engineer;volunteer 4.-er重读音节/?:/ her;term;service;Germany 非重读/?/ worker;paper;western;teacher 特殊读法/a:/ clerk 5.-ere/i?/ here;mere
-ere 或者发/ε?/ there;where 6.-ear有三种音,分别是;
-ear/i?/ ear;dear;near;clear;tear (n.);beard -ear /?:/ early;earth;learn;heard -ear /a:/ heart
*tear作为动词时,发/ε?/ 7.-ei /ei/ eight;weigh;weight -ei /ai/ height -ei /i:/ receive
8.-ey重读/ei/ they;hey;survey -ey重读/i:/ key
-ey非重读/i/ monkey;donkey;valley;volleyball *-et非重读/it/ pocket;ticket;rocket 9.-ew 一般/ju:/ new;few;knew -ew 或者发/u:/ grew;threw -ew还可以发/?u/ sew 10.-ege /id?/ college
11.-est /i s t/ biggest;modest;happiest;
12.词尾的-ed在浊音后/d/ lived;studied -ed在清音后/t/ worked;finished -ed在字母t或d后/id/ wanted;needed
(三)元音字母i或y的组合
1.-ie在重读音节中,或在辅音字母前,发/i:/ field;piece;achieve -ie在词尾/ai/ lie;die;tie
2.-igh(t)在重读音节/ai(t)/ high;night;light;bright 3.-ir在重读音节/?:/ girl;firm;circle;first;third 4.-ire在重读音节/‘ai?/ fire;tired;hire;retired;wire 5.-ild/aild/ child;wild
6.-ind/aind/ find;kind;mind;wind;(*但 window/ind/ ) 7.-ing/i?/ king;wing;sing;doing;making
8.-(a)tion/(ei)?n/ nation;pronunciation;information;composition -stion/t? n/ question
-sion/?n/ 或/?n/ mission使命;precision精密 9.-ye在词尾/ai/ good-bye;bye-bye 10.-ist/i s t/ list;fist;
(四)元音字母o的组合
1.-oa在重音时/?u/ boat;coat;road;goat;toad -oar在重音时/?:/ blackboard;aboard
2.-oi,-oy在重音时/?i/ boiler;point;join;oil boy;toy;joy;loyal
3.-oo一般/u:/ soon;too;zoo;room;noon;food;mood;boot;moon
*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时,常发短音。如 classroom/u/ …等等。 在字母k或有时在t,d之前时/u/ cook;look;book;took;foot;good; 4.-or在重音时/?:/ for;horse;important;morning;born -or在字母w后面/?:/ work;word;world;worse;worth (*但是 wore ,worn例外,均发/?:/ )
-or在非重音时/?/ monitor;doctor;professor;forget; forwards;forgive;conductor
5.-oar一般/?:/ board;aboard;blackboard
6.-oor一般/?:/ 或在美式英语里发/??/ door;floor -oor 还发/u?/ poor
7.-ore在重音时/?:/ snore;more;before;foreign;forest 8.-ou一般/au/ shout;loud;round;found -ou还发/?/ country;countryside;trouble -ou 还发/u:/ wound;wounded
9.-ough(t)发/?:(t)/ ought;brought;bought;fought;thought (*例外: cough/k ? f/ ) 10.-oe/?u/ toe;hoe;Joe
11.-old/?u l d/ old;hold;cold;told
12.-ost/?u s t/ post;most;host;ghost (*例外cost/? s t/ ) 13.-our在重音时/au/ sour;our;hour;
还发/?:/ four;course;pour 还发/u?/ tour;gourd
-our 在词尾(非重音)/?/ colour;neighbour;favourite 14.-ow在重音时/au/ now;cow;down;how;town
-ow在重音或非重音中/?u/ low;yellow;below;follow;grow tomorrow;window;widow;know;show
(五)元音字母u的组合
1.-u在字母ll或sh之前,或者在字母b,p或f之后,均发/u/ 如: full;bull;pull;push;bush
字母l,r或j+u 构成的开音节,u发/u:/ rule;true;blue;June 2.-ue在词尾/ju:/ argue;continue
3.-ui在字母j或r后面时,发/u:/ fruit;juice -ui在字母b或g后面,或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发/i/ ,如:build;guilty;biscuit (*即就是说字母u不发音)
4.-ur在重音时/?:/ turn;return;Thursday;nurse;purse 在非重音时/?/ surprise;Saturday
-ure在重音时/(j)u?/ pure/ju?/ ;manure/ju?/ ;sure/u?/ -ture发/t??/ picture;future;mixture
(II) ●辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规则
辅音字母一般都发字母本身音,只有一些是特殊的,下面试列举如下: 1.b在一般情况下/b/ back;big;lab;brother b和u在一起,u常发/i/ building;build;busy -bt一般/t/ debt;doubt
2.c在字母e,i或y前面时/s/ city;Bruce;juice;bicycle;face;central c在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前/k/ cup;cold;cattle;duck; bicycle;cap;cut;class;
c在词尾时也发/k/ ,但后面有e,那还发/s/ gymnastic/k/ ;music/k/ ;grace/s/ ;Bruce/s/
-cc在元音字母a,o,u和辅音字母之前/k/ occasion;according;occupy;acclaim 在元音字母e和i之前/ks/ accent;success -ci有时发/?/ social
-ch 有三种音/t?/ /k/ 或/?/ 如下: /t?/ China;rich;chick;chalk
/k/ school;chemist;chemistry;chemical;ache;technology /?/ machine;parachute;moustache
-tch/t?/ catch;match;fetch;hatch;butcher -ck/k/ duck;luck;ticket;pocket;black;cock
3.d在一般情况下/d/ did;made;desk;duck;doubt;damage