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e. g.，i. e.，etc.，et al.
1 and so on 前面一般加逗号
Put things where you will use them: sponges next to the sink, knives next to the cutting board, and so on.
2 e. g.
是拉丁文exempli gratia的缩写,意思是“举个例子,比如”,等同于“for example”,目的是用例子来说明前面的观点,用法与for example相同。 Popular pets, e.g. cats and dogs
3 i. e.
The basic essentials of life, i.e. housing, food and water
源于拉丁语,是id est的简略形式。其意思就是“那就是说,换句话说”,等同于“that is, in other words”和“namely”,目的是用来进一步解释前面所说的观点。
正确的用法是Use a comma to enclose ( i. e. , both before and after) the year in a month day year sequence. 而文章中出现的这句The evaluation noted that the employee had frequently exhibited irresponsible behavior ( i. e. , coming to work late, failing to complete projects) ,应该用“e. g. ”而不是用“i. e. ”,因为插入句是对“irresponsible behavior”的列举补充。
4 etc.
Remember to take some paper, a pen, etc. We talked about the contract, pay, etc.
Schools, colleges and so on 是et cetera的缩写,意思是“等等”,相当于“and so on”。可用来列举事物,若要列举人,则需用et al. 或用and others。
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5 et al.
(Used especially after names) and other people or things (from Latin 'et alii/alia'): Research by West et al., 1996
是拉丁文简写。其一为et alibi (以及其他地方) ,相当于and elsewhere;其二为et alii (以及其他人) ,相当于and others。
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五个常见英语缩写
