定语从句
that和which的用法区别:
在定语从句中，关系代词which和 that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意：
A. 只能用that而不能用which的情形
（1） 当先行词为：all, little, few, much, none,及some-, any-, no-, every-,与thing所组成的复
合单词时，只能用that。如：
There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 没有事情会阻止我们进步。
（2）当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容词修饰时，只能用that。如：
This is the only problem that we can’t work out. 这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。
(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。如：
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。 (4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。如：
Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。 (5) 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。如：
This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。
（6）当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用that。如： Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 你昨天画的那张画是哪一张？ B．只能用which而不能用that的情形
（1）当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which。如：
The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那个铅笔盒，我上周买的，现在不见了。 （2）关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which。如：
The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍掉了。
(3) 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时，只能用which。如：
I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太贵的那一个。 who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解:
在定语从句中，关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意：
一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形
(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who (whom)。如：
My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐，她在国外学习，就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。
(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who (whom)。如：
Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗？
(3) 当先行词为people和those时，只能用who (whom)。如：
Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。
(4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时，只能用who (whom)。如： Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。 (5) 先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。如：
The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。
（6）在there be 句型中名词的定语从句多用于who(whom)。如：
There are students in our class who/whom you have met.我们班有些学生你没见过。
（7）当句子中两个指人的先行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that，那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如：
The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university. 刚才你看到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。 二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形
(1) 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：
The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。
(2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容词学修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：
He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生 (3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用that。如： Who is woman that you talked with just now? 刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁？ (4) the same as与the same that
the same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如：
She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含：她偷了我的上衣)
She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件) 考点3 关系副词引导的定语从句 1、关系副词一览表
时间 关系副词 why 【典例】
Mozart’s birthplace and the house he composed The Marc Flute are both museums now. A. where B. when C. there D. which 【答案】A
【解析】where引导了定语从句，并且在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为the house。 【特别提示】
在英语中有几个词虽然不指具体的地点，但它们作先行词时常用where引导定语从句（介词+which）。常见的有：situation/case/point/circumstances/stage等。
①I have come to the point where I can’t stand him. 我已经到了无法容忍他的程度。
原因 where 地点 when 时间 状语 地点 状语 原因 状语 This is the house where I was born. I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用in which I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which 可用for which
②He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane．他发现他陷入了危险的境地，他有可能会失去对飞机的控制。 【典例】
It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where 【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是a situation,指物，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where,选D。
考点4 “介词+关系代词”以及关系副词引导的定语从句 1．概述
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体，使用的关系代词一般是which，whom，它既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见的有以下几种结构： (1)介词+关系代词
Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice．=Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice．曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。 (2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词
①Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels．=Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，of which three were English novels．上个星期天，我从书店买回几本书，其中三本是英文小说。
②He wrote a book，the name of which I’ve completely forgotten．他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。
③The old man has two daughters．both of whom are doctors．那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。
(3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词
China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan．中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。 (4)介词+关系代词+名词
I called him by the wrong name．for which mistake I apologized．我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose) 2．关系代词的选择
用于”介词+关系代词”结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which，即介词+which/whom。 【典例】
You can only be sure of you have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.
A. that; what B. what;/ C. which;/ D. /; that 【答案】B
【解析】 很明显，第一空前没有名词或代词。这是介词后的宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少have的宾语，指物，用what。第二个空前有不定代词，我们把它代入从句中，可以作get的宾语，说明是宾语从句，用关系代词that,它在定语从句中作宾语可以省略，所以答案是B。
经典常规题
一、语法填空
1.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70.________ is not good for the health. 【答案】which
【解题思路】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的to have too much of both，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。
2.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】But Sarah, 64.________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65.________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 【答案】64. who 65. to prove
【解题思路】64考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词Sarah, 在从句中作主语，故填who。
65 考查动词不定式。want to do sth为固定搭配，故用动词不定式。
3.【2017·浙江卷6月考】Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64.________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. 【答案】63. swept 64. where
2019-2020学年新人教版高中英语新学案：必修2 专题3 定语从句
