个性化教学辅导教案
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一 语法专项
一、名词的数 1．单数和复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：
（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，
pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。
（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes，box→boxes，
watch→watches，brush→brushes。
（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。
（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities, factory→factories,
country→countries, family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys, day→days。
（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,
但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。
（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves,
half→halves。
复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。 复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法情 况 读法 例 词 在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后 [s] cups, hats, cakes glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces [iz] 在[s][z][t][][F]等音后 在[b][d][][v]等浊辅音后 [z] beds, dogs, cities, knives （7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，
foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。
【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers， women teachers。
有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。
（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。
（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：
ten-minutes? walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，
ashes，scissors，compasses。
（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有： 科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths 游戏名称：bowls
专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词：news, falls
2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法
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在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法： （1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如： The rich man has a lot of money． There is some milk in the bottle． Is there any water in the glass？
I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice． （2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：
a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread
a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如： two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water
不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格
名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。
1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's，如：Children's Day。
3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。【注意】
如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。 两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。【实例解析】
1.（2004年上海徐汇区中考试题）
These _________ have saved many children?s lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor 2. (2004年河北省中考试题)
This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Anne?s and Jane?s C. Anne?s and Jane D. Anne and Jane?s3. (2004年吉林省中考试题)
---Are there any ________ on the farm? ---Yes, there are some.
A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 4. (2004年佛山市中考试题)
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---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange? ---Orange, please.
A. hamburger B. chip C. tea
二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。 1. We?ve got a lot of new ________(杂志) in our school library. 2. Please turn to another _______（频道）, I don?t like this show.
3. Yesterday the _________(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather. .4. Autumn is my favourite (季节) 5. ---How many _______(小刀) do you have? ---Three.
6. __________ are widely used in the modern world. 7. June 1st is __________(儿童) Day.
8. Mary, would you please tell me your new ________(地址) so that I can write to you. 9. ---Does this piece of ______(音乐) sound nice? ---Yes. It?s wonderful!
10. May 12th is the International _______(护士) Day. Let?s say “ Thanks” to them for their work.
二 阅读理解专题
Sociologists(社会学家),working in western countries, have found that a large number of women wished they had been born men. The number is said to be as high as 60% in Germany.
“Women often wish they had the same chances as men have, and think it is still men's world,”said Dr James Helen, one of the sociologists who did the study.
Many men say that they have more duties than women. A men has to make money to support(养活) his family and to make the important decision, so it is right for men to be paid more. Some are even against their wives at all. When wives go out to work, the home and children can't be taken good care of. If women take full-time jobs, they won't be able to do what they are best at doing: making a nice room and bringing up the children.?
Some women didn't agree. They say they want to get out of their homes and to have freedom to choose between work and home life. Women have the right of equal pay and equal chances.?
Anne Harper has a very good job, she also believes in “Women's Liberation(解放).”“I don't wish I were a man,”she says,“and I don't think women do. But I do wish people would stop treating(对待) us like second-class people. At work, for example, we usually do the work that men do but get paid less. There are still a lot of jobs only to men——usually they are the bes
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广州中考英语名词
