雅思考试阅读考题回顾
朗阁雅思培训中心徐航
考试日期 2014年12月13日 Reading Passage 1
原文重现Title
笑声的起源（生命科学类）
人名观点配对题6题
Question types
Summary 4 题 判断题3题 11-13判断题：
11. 当同性成员在一起，无论男女，他们笑的都更多。
文章内容回顾
12. 灵长类动物不能像人类一样通过呼吸来有效地控制笑声。
13. 与鼠类相比，黑猩猩容易在更多的场合发出笑声。
Origins of daughter While joking and wit are uniquely human inventions, laughter certainly is not. Other creatures, including chimpanzees, gorillas and even rats, laugh. The fact that they laugh suggests that laughter has been around for a lot longer than we have. There is no doubt that laughing typically involves groups of people. uLau^htcr evolved as a signal to others — it almost disappears when we are alone/' says Robert Provinc, a neuroscientist al the University of Maryland. Pro vine found that most laughter comes as a polite reaction to everyday remurks such as \funny. And the way we lau^h depends on the company wc'rc keeping. Men tend to laugh longer and harder when they are with other men, perhaps as a way of bonding. Women tend to laugh more and at a higher pitch when men are present, possibly indiculing flirtation or even submission. To find the origins of laughter, Hn>vine believes wc need to look at play. He points out that the masters of laughing arc children, and nowhere is their talent more obvious than in the boisterous antics, and tlie original context is play. Well-known primate watchers^ including Dian Eossey and Jane Goodall, have long argued that chimps laugh while at play. The sound they pnxlucc is known as a pant lau^jh. It seems obvious when you watch their behavior — they even have the same ticklish spots as we do. But after removing the context the parallel between human laughter and a chimp's characteristic pant lau^h is not so clear. When FYovine played a tape of the pant laughs to 119 of his students, for example, only two guessed correctly what it was. These findings underline how chimp and human laugiitcr vur>*. VV hen we laugh the sound is usually pnxiuccd by chopping up a single exhalation into a series of shorter with one sound produced on cuch inward and outward breath. The question is: does this pant laughter have the same source as our own laughter? New
心srch lends weight to the idea that it docs. The Undings come rrom WKC z.im-: enerman. head of the Inspire fnr Zoologv in (Jennany. who compared the sounds : made by babies and chimpanzees in response l<> tickling during the first year of: their life. UsinX sound spectrographs to reveal the pitch and intensity “f vocal-: izmions, she discovered that chimp and human baby laughter follow broadly the : sttmc pattern. Zimmcrnian believes the closeness ofbuby latter to chimp lauxh-： lcr supports the idea that laughter was around long before humans arrived on the : sccme. WhHl started simply as u modification of breathing assenziated with enjoy-: able find plnyftil interactions has acquired a symbolic meaning as an indicator of: pleasure. Pinpointing when laughter developed is another matter Humans and chimps : share n common ancestor that lived perhaps 8 million years 皿口. but animals : might have been laughing lon^ before that. More distantly related primates,: including gorillas, laugh, and anecdotal evidence suggests that other social: mammals can do too. Scientists are currently testing such stories with a com para- J tivc analysis of just how common In岫htcr is amonX animals. So far, though, the ? most compelling evidence for laughter beyond primates comes from research done : hy Jaak Punksepp from Bnwlin^ Green State University, Ohio, into the ultrasonic : chirps produced by rats during play and in response to tickling. All this still doesn't answer the question of why we laugh at all. One idea is that ? laughter and tickling originated as a way of sculing the relationship between ? mother and child. Another is that the reflex response to tickling is protective. ? alerting us to the presence of crawling creatures that might hann us or compel-: ling us to defend the parts of our bcxiics that arc most vulnerable in hand-to*hand : combat. But the idea thnt has gained the most popularity in recent years is diat: laughter in response to tickling is a way for two individuals to signal and test their I trust in one another. This hypothesis starts from the observation that although a J little tickle can be enjoyable, if it goes on too long it can be torture. By engaging in : a bout of tickling, we put ourselves at the mercy of another individual, and laugh-: ing is what makes it a reliable signal of trust, according to lorn Flam?ont a laugh-: ter rcscurchcr at the University* of California* Los MEvcn in m3, laughter,: tickle, play and trust arc linked. Rats chirp a lot when they play/1 2 3 4 5 6 7 nays Elamnon. ? “These chirps can be aroused by tickling. And they gut 第一篇是经典机经旧文，版本号V100904。难度一般，话题属于生命科学 类文章，用动物和人做实验的特点考生也很熟悉。只是一些单词需要课下认 知，例如 primate, chimpanzee 等。
1-6人名观点配对：
2 Babies and some animals produce laughter which sounds similar. 选：B
3 Primates are not the only animals who produce laughter.选：D. 4 Laughter can be used to show that we feel safe and secure with others. 选：A
5 Most human laughter is not a response to a humorous situation.选：C 6 Animal laughter evolved before human laughter.选：B 7 Laughter is a social activity.
判断题：顺序题型，注意定位词和考点词，注意区分FALSE和NOT GIVEN 的辨析，FALSE是文章有提到信息并且与题目信息对立，NOT GIVEN是文 章没提及题目所问信息，所以考点词的推测对区分FALSE和NOT GIVEN 有很大影响。
Summary选项题：该题型一般遵循顺序原则，若是对一段或者几段的 summary,难度不大，如果是全文，难度提升。首先确定段落定位，快速浏 览段
题型难度分析bonded to us as a result,； which certainly neemR like a show of trust/1
We'll never know which animal laughed the find laught or why. But we can be : 8urc
讥 wasn't in response to a prehistoric joke* l*hc funny thing is that while : Hie origins of laughter urc probably quite serioust we owe human laughter and : our ItinguaXe-based humor to the same unique skill. While other animals pant. J we flk>ne csin mntml mir hr^ath ?八?— m—A C !
落，找到和题目相关的词，注意同义替换。选项可以先浏览，做题时更 加有针对性，有利于速度。
人名理论配对题：无序性，注意NB 1.将list中的理论进行关键词提炼; 2. 从文章第一段考察是否出现题目中的人名，如有，则看该人所说的话， 再与后面选项相比较。
3. 以此类推，看第二段是否出现人名，只看人所说的理论部分，与选项相 比。 注：如果此人第一次的理论和选项不符，则看下一次该人出现时所说的理论。
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