Basic Metric Units and Approximate Equivalents in Standard Units
Length
1 millimetre (mm) ?0.03937 inches (in.)1 centimetre (cm)?10 millimetres (mm)
?0.3973 inches (in.)1 metre (m) ?1,000 millimetres (mm)
??39.370 inches (in.)?3,281 feet (ft)1.094 yards (yd)1 kilometre (km) ?1,000 metres (m)
? ? 3281 feet (ft)0.621 miles
Area
1 square millimetre (mm2)?0.00155 square inches (sq in.)1 square centimetre (cm2)?100 square millimetres (mm2)
?0.155 square inches (sq in.)
1 square metre (m2)?1,000,000 square millimetres (mm2)? ?10,000 square centimetres (cm2)? 1,550 square inches (sq in.)? 10.764 square feet (sq ft)1.196 square yards (sq yd)
Volume
1 cubic centimetre (mm3)?1,000 cubic millimetres (mm3)
?0.610 cubic inches (cu in.)1 cubic metre (m3)?1,000,000,000 cubic millimetres (mm3)
?1,000,000 cubic centimetres (cm3)??61,023.744 cubic inches (cu in.)?35.315 cubic feet (cu ft)1.308 cubic yards (cu yd)
Mass
1 gram (g) ?0.035 ounces (oz)1 kilogram (kg) ?1,000 grams (g)
??35.274 ounces (oz)2.206 pounds (lb)
1 metric ton (tonne) (t) ?1,000 kilograms (kg)
??2204.622 pounds (lb)
1.102 tons (t) (short tons)
Force
1 newton (N) ?l kilogram metre per second squared (kg·m/sec2)
?0.225 pounds-force (lb)
1 kilonewton (kN) ?1,000 newtons (N)
??224.810 pounds-force (lb)0.225 kips (k)
1 meganewton (MN) ?1,000,000 newtons (N)
??1,000 kilonewtons (kN)
? 224,808.900 pounds-force (1b)224.810 kips (k)
Force per Unit Length
1 kilonewton per metre (kN/m) ?1,000 newtons per metre (N/m)
?1 newton per millimetre(N/mm)
?68.522 pounds-force per foot(plf)
Force per Unit Area
1 pascal (Pa) ?1 newton per square metre (N/m2)1 kilopascal (kPa) ?1,000 pascals
?1,000 newtons per square metre (N/m2)??1 kilonewton per square metre (kN/m2)?0.145 pounds per square inch (psi)20.885 pounds per square foot (psf)
1 megapascal (MPa) ?1,000,000 pascals (Pa)
??1,000 kilopascals (kPa)
1,000,000 newtons per square metre(N/m2)
?1,000 kilonewtons per square metre(kN/m2)
?1 newton per square millimeter (N/mm2)
Density (mass per unit volume)
1 kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3)?0.062 pounds per cubic
foot (lb/cu ft)
?1.685 pounds per cubicyard (lb/cu yd)
Temperature
1 degree Celsius (°C) ?(1 degree Farenheit (°F) ?32)×5/9
PRINCIPLESANDPRACTICESOFCOMMERCIALCONSTRUCTIONEighth EditionCAMERONK.ANDRESRONALDC.SMITHUpper Saddle River, New Jersey
Columbus, Ohio
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Andres, Cameron K.
Principles and practices of commercial construction / Cameron K. Andres, Ronald C. Smith. -- 8th ed. p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-13-159923-9
1. Building. 2. Building. I. Smith, Ronald C. II. Title. TH145.A664 2007690--dc22
2007045684
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10987654321ISBN 13: 978-0-13-159923-9ISBN 10:0-13-159923-2
To the men and women in the construction industry
【3-1】商业建筑的原理和实践 Principles and practices of commercial construction
