woman teacher→women teachers
3．中间有连字符的合成次，在主体词（中心意义的词）末尾变复数：
sister-in-law→sisters-in-law looker-on→lookers-on
editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief 4．下列合成名词在后一个词上变化：
sit-in→sit-ins, grown-up→grown-ups
stand-by→stand-bys touch-me-not→touch-me-nots go-between→go-betweens
（四）．名词所有格
1．在大多数名词末加“'s”
the boy's toy, men's work
2．以 s结尾的复数名词直接加“'”
the students' reading room 3．以 s结尾的单数名词加“'”
Dickens' novels the actress' performance 4．合成名词在最后一个词上加“s”
her brother-in-law's piano.
Somebody else's books. （重要！） 【金牌重点】：除用于有生命的人外，“'s”格还可用于度量衡、地域、天体及一些习语中： an hour's drive, a mile's journey
ten pounds' weight. Beijing's weather the earth's surface
a stone's throw 投石之距离 at one's wits end 智穷计尽 to one's heart's content 尽情地 by a hair's breadth 千钧一发 at a snail's pace 缓慢地 5．双重所有格：
如果被修饰的名词前有不定冠词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词修饰。则要采用双重所有格。 a friend of mine （名词性物主代词） a child of hers
the love poems of your sister's 注意区别：
● a portrait of her mother 她母亲的画像（画中人）
● a portrait of her mother's 她母亲拥有的画像中的一幅（不一定是她母亲的画像）
测试精编：
1. Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.
A. shoes store B. shoe's store C. shoe store D. shoes' store
2. As a safety precaution, all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a ________ bill.
A. ten-dollar B. ten-dollars C. tens-dollar D. ten-dollar's 3. Recently, he has lost all his ________ at cards.
A. wage and saving B. wages and saving C. wage and savings D. wages and savings
4. I want ________ .
A. a dollar worth candy B. candy a dollar's worth C. a dollar's worth of candy D. a dollar worth's candy
5.The surroundings a child grows up in usually ________ an effect on his development.
A. have B. had C. do D. has
第三章 形容词、副词比较级和最高级 Comparative degree & Superlative degree:
比较级构成方式：
A．adj / adv + er / est
poor→poorer→poorest fast→faster→fastest B．词尾e + r / st
large→larger→largest fine→finer→finest
C．重读闭音节中短元音 + 辅音词尾→双写辅音词尾 + er / est.
big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest D．辅音 + y→i + er / est
dry→drier→driest angry→angrier→angriest E．多音节形容词及副词：
more + adj / adv most + adj / adv F．不规则变化：
good / well→better→best bad / ill→worse→worst many / much→more→most little→less→least late→later→ / latest late→latter→last far→farther→farthest far→further→furthest
【用法示例】
比较级用于二者相比较，由than构成比较状语从句： （1） ?. He looks stronger than I(do).
?. The climate of Shanghai is hotter than that of Beijing. ?. My Schoolbag is larger than hers. ?. The book is much more interesting than that one. 笔记要点：两个相比较的主语必须相对应。 （2） ?. It is getting colder and colder.
?. She is becoming more and more beautiful . 笔记要点：两个形容词比较级由 and连在一起，表示“越来越……”
（3） ?. The older we grow, the poorer our memory will be.
?. The earlier we start, the sooner we'll get there. 笔记要点：这种句型结构表示“越……越……” （4） ?. I prefer the cheaper one of the two books.
?. Of the two brothers, he is the cleverer.
笔记要点：二者之比较。而Of the three girls, she is the cleverest.
最高级构成方式：
三者或三者以上进行比较，“the + 形容词 / 副词est”。 (1) John is the tallest of the three.
He runs fastest in our class.（副词的最高级the可省略） This is the most difficult book I've read.
(2) He is cleverer than any other boy in the class.（有than时只用比较级）
She is younger than all the other students. 测试精编
1. She is ________ than ________ .
A. busier / us B. busier / we C. more busy / us D. more busy / we 2. Jane is ________ than Betty.
A. less taller B. less tallest C. less tall D. not as tall 3. John's record was not so good as ________ in his team. A. all the players B.any player's
C. other players D. any other player's 4. China is ________ country in the world.
A. the third largest B. the largest third C. the third large D. a third largest 5. Shanghai has a larger population than ________ in china.
A. any city B. all the cities C. any other city D. all other cities
用所给词的比较级、最高级填空：
1. The window is ________ (narrow) of the two. 2. Where is the ________ (near) bus-stop? 3. He is one of ________ (famous) Politicians.
4. Do you have any ________ (far) questions to ask? 5. Tom drives much ________ (careful) than John.
第四章 被动语态 (Passive Voice)
1．何时运用被动语态：
（1）强调动作的接受者：America was discovered by Columbus. （2）不知谁是动作的执行者：You are wanted on the phone.
（3）作客观说明：It is said that the meeting has been put off.（经典句型）
2．主动变被动的基本方法：（说起来容易，掌握起来需要用心！）
（1）主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）谓语动词变为由“be + 过去分词”的形式，配合时态作相应变化。 （3）主动语态主语置于介词 by之后，如无必需，则省略。 （4）不及物动词没有被动语态。
现 在 do (does) →am / is / are + done We keep the piano in the living-room. →The piano is kept in the living-room.
过 去 did→was / were + done
They built the bridge in 1980.
→The bridge was built in 1980.
将 来 shall shall
will do → will + be + done He will read the book tomorrow. →The book will be read tomorrow.
现在完成 have have
has done → has + been + done We have delivered the newspaper.
→The newspapers have been delivered (by us).
过去完成 had done → had been done
She had seen the film before she came here. →The film had been seen before she came here.
将来完成 shall shall
will have done → will have + been + done
By the end of this term we shall have finished 80 texts. →By the end of this term 80 texts will have been finished.
现在进行 am am
is doing → is + being + done are are
They are drawing the picture.
→The picture is being drawn by them.
过去进行 was doing → was + being + done
were were
He was reviewing their lessons at this moment yesterday.
→Their lessons were being reviewed at this moment yesterday.
情态动词 may may
can can must must should do → should + be + done ought to ought to used to used to You must write an article on the subject. →An article must be written on the subject.
测试精编 单项选择：
1. Since the first space mission, many communication satellites ________.
A. was launched B. are launched C. have been launched D. had been launched 2. What kind of advice ________ you?
A. has gave B. was gave C. had been given to D. has given 3. The slave ________ from morning till night.
A. madeto work B. was made working C. was made worked D. was made to work 4. The construction of the laboratory ________ by the end of July.
A. must be completing B. must complete
C. must have completed D. must have been completed 5. Your proposal ________ by the committee soon.
A. is discussed B. has been discussed
C. is going to be discussed D. will have been discussed
第五章 非谓语动词
一．不定式
1．定义：具有名词、形容词及副词性质并具有时态、语态变化。 2．形式：（以do为例） 主动语态 被动语态 一般时 to do to be done 进行时 to be doing
完成时 to have done to have been done 完成进行时 to have been doing 3．用法：
（1）用作主语：
To speak good English is not easy.
or: It is not easy to speak good English. （采用形式主语 it 以避免头重脚轻） It took me an hour to do the work. （2）用作宾语：
She decided to take the examination. I hope to meet him soon. （3）宾语补足语：
They expected us to help them. Hewants his son to study hard. 金牌重点：
不定式作宾补，如谓语动词是感官动词，使役性动词（see, hear, notice, watch, make, have, let...），则不定式符号“to”须省略，但在被动语态中不能省。 I heard them sing in the classroom. I made her clean the room.
The girl is heard to sing an English song. （4）用作表语：To teach is to learn.
His job is to sell cars.
（5）用作状语，表示目的，结果。
We come to school to study English.（目的） = in order to
I hurried to the store, only to find it closed.（结果） （6）定语：不定式短语作定语须位于名词之后。
He asked for a piece of paper to write it on.
= to write it on the piece of paper.
The poor man has no house to live in.
= to live in the house.
Have you anything to do?
= to do anything
4．不定式的时态意义：
She seems to dance very well.（现在情况）
She seems to be dancing in the dancing hall.（正在进行） She seems to have danced well.（过去情况）
新概念英语第2册全套详细语法精粹
