F. In his “Special Theory of Relativity,” Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.
提示：该空格前句有提到爱因斯坦写信给总统罗斯福Roosevelt，催促美国政府要赶在纳粹德国之前造出原子弹atomic bomb, 后句说到爱因斯坦并没有参与这个项目 the project。选项D中有“Roosevelt”、“Manhattan Project”和“atomic weapon”相呼应，必选无疑。
5. 句子关系法 例题 1：
______(8). Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials; avoid wearing synthetic clothing. Make sure the clothing is loose, permitting freedom of movement. And learn the danger signs of the medical problems, such as headache and vomiting, that are linked to heat.
A. Such persons have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system.
B. Several of these conditions are present at the same time. C. Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress. D. Several hot days are considered a heat wave. E. So does extreme heat.
F. Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat.
提示：回归原文，根据横线前后情况确定答案。横线位于段落的最开始处，段落第一句一般都是综述的句子。横线后面分别提到：Stay out of the sun，不要暴晒太阳，Drink lots of cool water.多喝开水，还有后面的Wear light colored clothing穿浅色衣服等这些都是并列句，在举例说明人们可以采取的措施。选项中F选项中提到了many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat，即医生建议很多措施可以帮助我们免受热浪带来的危害，与后面列举的句子可以构成总分关系；并且选项F中的关键信息词danger本段的最后一句出现了，所以选项F符合原文意思和逻辑关系。本题目的答案是F。 例题2：
Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery(糖果点心) to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable. ______(2) Many crops withered(枯萎) and died, despite growers attempts to save them and there were fears that the health of the plant would continues to deteriorate.
A. The majority of the world’s sugar now comes from this particular commercial species. B. Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease. C. Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.
D. Since the 1960s, scientists have been analyzing the mysteries of the sugar cane’s genetic code.
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E. One major gene has been identified by Dr Angelique D’ Hont and her team in Montpelier, France. F. Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed. 提示：横线前讲的是more profitable（更有利），横线后讲的是withered and died(枯萎和死亡)，可见横线前后意思发生了转折，正好选项B的Unfortunately, however(然而，不幸的是)就可以表示转折这个意思，另外，选项B中的become weaker （变得虚弱）而且 more prone to disease（更容易得病），与横线后面讲的withered and died(枯萎和死亡)起到了一个启下的作用。从而确定该题答案为选项B。
第二阶段：题目点评：三篇重点文章 40分钟
A Memory Drug？
It's difficult to imagine many things that people would welcome more than a memory-enhancing drug.___46 Furthermore, such a drug could help people remember past experiences more clearly and help us acquire new information more easily for school and at work. As scientists learn more about memory, we are closing in on this tantalizing goal.
Some of the most exciting evidence comes from research that has built on earlier finding,, linking LTP and memory to identify a gene that improves memory in mice. ___47 Mice bred to have extra copies of this gene showed more activity in their NMDA receptors, more LTP, and improved performance on several different memory tasks--learning a spatial layout3, recognizing familiar objects, and recalling a fear-inducing shock.
If these basic insights about genes, LTP, and the synaptic basis of memory can be translated to people-and that remains to be seen--they could pave the way for memory-enhancing treatments. ___48 As exciting as this may sound, it also raises troubling issues. Consider the potential educational implications of memory-enhancing drugs. If memory enhancers were available, children who used them might be able to acquire and retain extraordinary amounts of information, allowing them to progress far more rapidly in school than they could otherwise. How well could the brain handle such an onslaught of information? What happens to children who don't have access to the latest memory enhancers? Are they left behind in school -- and as a result handicapped later in life?
___ 49 Imagine that you are applying for a job that requires a good memory, such as a manager at a technology company or a sales position that requires remembering customers' names as well as the attributes of different products and services. Would you take a memory-enhancing drug to increase your chances of landing the position? Would people who felt uncomfortable taking such a drug find themselves cut out of lucrative career opportunities?
Memory drugs might also help take the sting out of disturbing memories that we wish we could forget but can't. The 2004 hit movie Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind told the story of
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a young man seeking just such freedom from the painful memories of a romantic breakup. As you will see in the section on persistence later in the chapter, emotionally arousing events often create intrusive memories, and researchers have already muted emotional memories with drugs that block the action of key hormones. Should emergency workers who must confront horrifying accident scenes that can burden them with persisting memories be provided with such drugs? Should such drugs be given to rape victims who can't forget the trauma? Memory drugs might provide some relief to such individuals. But could they also interfere with an individual's ability to assimilate and come to terms with a difficult experience? ____50
A. Like steroids for bulking up the muscles, these drugs would bulk up memory.
B. A memory enhancer could help eliminate forgetting associated with aging and disease. C. What are the potential implications of memory-enhancing drugs for the workplace? D. We may find ourselves struggling with these kinds of questions in the not-too-distant future. E. There is a pill that you could take every day to allow you to remember everything. F. The gene makes a protein that assists the NMDA2 receptor, which plays an important role in long-term memory by helping to initiate LTP. 46.B
第一步：观察后一句有furthermore这个词, 表示“而且，再者”前一句说很难想象还有比能增强记忆力的药物更受人们欢迎的东西了，后一句的意思说而且这种药物能够帮助人们更加清晰地记起过去的经历(remember past experiences)，更容易地在学习和工作中获取新信息(acquire new information)。 第二步：利用瞻前顾后法，括号里面的内容肯定就是说增强记忆的药物的好处了，纵观六个选项，只有B选项的关键词memory enhancer ，help，eliminate ，说的就是增强记忆药物 47.F
第一步：利用瞻前顾后法，观察前一句的关键词是gene、LTP和mice，它讲的是有些令人兴奋的证据是从研究中得出的：该研究基于早期连接LTP和记忆的发现，该结果确定了提高老鼠记忆的基因;而后一句进一步阐述这一发现。
第二步：根据单词的重现法，后一句中肯定也有关键词gene,六个选项中只有F选项提到了这种基因，并且解析了这种基因能够制造一种辅助NMDA受体的蛋白质，这个受体通过帮助启动LTP而在长期记忆中起到重要作用。所以答案为F. 48.A
第一步：利用瞻前顾后法，观察前一句讲如果这种结果用于人类的话，人们就有可能把提高人的记忆力(memory-enhancing)用于临床。后一句说，尽管听起来令人激动，它们也会引起令人苦恼的问题。事实
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上后一句的意思就有了一层转折的意思在里面，说人们会为之苦恼(raises troubling issues)。 第二步：分析得知，空格选项肯定是和后一句的意思是相反的，六个选项里面A选项的意思是讲：就像类固醇用于提高人的肌肉能力，这种药物也可以提高人的记忆力（bulk up memory），这句话和后一句形成了一种对比的关系，所以答案就应该是A选项。 49.C
第一步：这个空格是在句首的位置，也就是说空格里的内容就应该是第四段的中心句，那么我们得先概括第四段的段落大意，把大意概括出来之后，再回归到剩下的三个选项里面，和段落大意对应的就应该是正确答案了，第四段整一段讲的都是关于增强记忆的药物对我们在职场上的影响。
第二步：分析剩下的几个选项，C选项的关键词，potential implications(潜在影响)，workplace(工作场所)，这句话是说增强记忆的药物在职场潜在的影响又是什么？所以C选项事实上就是第四段的中心句，所以C为正确答案。 50.D
第一步：这个空格是在句尾的位置，因此它应该是总结性的。也就是选项的内容与举例的内容是一致的，即说的是一件事，它是列举举例的总结。
第二步：分析这段的大意，鉴于前面都列举了这种提高记忆力的药所面临的一系列问题，所以，最后一句应该是我们在不久的将来要面临或者如何解决这些问题。所以这里应该选D选项。
中文翻译：
记忆药物？
很难想象还有比能增强记忆力的药物更受人们欢迎的东西了。增强记忆的药物能让人消除因变老和疾病造成的遗忘。而且这种药物能够帮助人们更加清晰地记起过去的经历，更容易地在学习和工作中获取新信息。随着科学家对记忆了解增多，我们正在接近这一诱人的目标。
一些最激动人心的证据来自于一项研究，这项研究是基于早期通过将LTP和记忆连接起来识别老鼠中能提升记忆力的基因所得到的发现。这种基因能够制造一种辅助NMDA受体的蛋白质，这个受体通过帮助启动LTP而在长期记忆中起到重要作用。被喂养这种基因复制品的老鼠的NMDA受体表现得更活跃，具有更多的LTP，在许多不同的记忆实践中有更好的表现——学习空间布置，辨认熟悉物品，回忆引起惊吓的冲击。
如果这些有关记忆基因、LTP的基本认识和记忆的突触原理能够转用到人身上去——那还有待观察——那么它们就为增强记忆的治疗铺平道路。就像类固醇可以强壮肌肉，这些药物可以增强记忆。尽管听起来令人激动，它们也会引起令人苦恼的问题。考虑一下增强记忆的药物潜在的教育影响，如果记忆增强剂能够实现，使用它们的孩子就有可能获取并记住大量的信息，在学校里就比不用药物要进步吏快。大脑对这些汹涌而来的信息能处理得多好？无法得到最新记忆增强剂的孩子该怎么办？他们在学校中就会落在后面，以后的人生就有残缺吗？
增强记忆的药物在职场潜在的影响又是什么？想象一下你正申请一个需要记忆力好的工作，比如一
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家科技公司的经理或需要记住顾客名字以及不同产品和服务特征的销售岗位。你会服用增强记忆的药物来增加你得到职位的概率吗？服用这种药物感到不舒服的人会失去获利颇丰的工作机会吗？
记忆药物使我们想忘记却又不能忘记的令人烦扰的记忆变得令人易于接受。2004年的卖座电影《美丽心灵的永恒阳光》讲述的是一个年轻人找寻能够摆脱爱情破裂的痛苦记忆方法的故事。正如你会在后面的情节中看到有关坚持不懈的那部分，从情感上唤起的事件经常能够形成令人烦恼的记忆，并且研究者已经用阻挡主要荷尔蒙活动的药物消除了情感的记忆。应该给那些必须直面恐怖的事故现场并且被相关记忆烦扰的急救人员提供这类药物吗？应该给那些不能忘记创伤的被强奸的受害者服用这些药物吗？记忆药物可能会给这些人带来一丝慰藉，但它们也会干扰一个人吸收消化的能力，以及对困境妥协让步的能力吗？在不久的将来，我们可能会发现自己在与这类问题做斗争。
How Deafness Makes It Easier to Hear
Most people think of Beethoven's hearing loss as an obstacle to composing music. However, he produced his most powerful works in the last decade of his life when he was completely deaf. This is one of the most glorious cases of the triumph of will over adversity, but his biographer, Maynard Solomon, takes a different view. 46____ . In his deaf world Beethoven could experiment, free from the sounds of the outside world, free to create new forms and harmonies. Hearing loss does not seem to affect the musical ability of musicians who become deaf. They continue to \it being played.
47 ___. He described a fascinating phenomenon that happened within three months:\my former musical experiences began to play back to me. I couldn't differentiate between what I heard and real hearing. After many years, it is still rewarding to listen to these play backs, to ' hear' music which is new to me and to find many quiet accompaniments for all of my moods. \
How is it that the world we see, touch, hear, and smell is both \time within us? There is no better example of this connection between external stimulus and internal perception than the cochlear implant. 48____ . However, it might be possible to use the brain's remarkable power to make sense of the electrical signals the implant produces. When Michael Edgar first\switched on\at all clear. Gradually, with much hard work, he began to identify everyday sounds. For example,\The insistent ringing of the telephone became clear almost at once.\
The primary purpose of the implant is to allow communication with others. When people spoke to Eagar, he heard their voices \connection. \
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3月21日冲刺阶段第五次补课答疑讲义--职称英语卫生类
