2020中考英语英语语法总复习英语语法大全之非谓语动词
I.
非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成: 非谓语形式 构成 特征和作用 时态和语态 to do to be done to be doing to have been to have done done 否定式 复合结构 for sb. to do sth. 具有名词,副词和形容词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 不定式 being done 现在分doing having been 词 having done done 分词 过去分词 done being done doing having been having done done 在非谓 语前加not 具有副词和形容词的作用 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 动名词 sb’s doing 具有名词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较: 情况 常用动词 只接不定式做宾hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 语的动词 mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider 只接动名词做宾can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be 语的动词或短语 engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,意义基本相接动名词多指一般或习惯行为) 同 need, want, require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式) 意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事,去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 两者都可以 remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚go on to do(接着做另外一件未发生) 意义不同 事) remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已go on doing(接着做同一件事) 经发生) try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力) try doing(试试去做,看有何结果) mean to do(打算做,企图做) mean doing (意识是,意味着) can’t help to do(不能帮忙做) can’t help doing(忍不住要做) III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别: 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主谓关系。强调动作将发生I heard him call me several 不定式 times. 或已经完成 have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make 现在分词 notice, see, watch, hear, 过去分词 find, keep, have, feel IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别: 区别 举例 主谓关系。强调动作正在进I found her listening to the radio. 行,尚未完成 动宾关系。动作已经完成,We found the village greatly changed. 多强调状态 与被修饰词往往有动宾关系,一般式表示将I have a lot of papers to type. 不定式 来,进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生,完成式I have a lot of papers to be typed. 表示在谓语动词之前发生 动名词 通常指被修饰词的用途,无逻辑上的任何关系 Shall we go to the swimming pool? 现在分与被修饰词之间是主谓关系,表示动作与谓语the boiling water / the boiled water 词 动作同时发生 the developing country/the 过去分与被修饰词之间是被动关系,表示动作发生在developed country the falling leaves / the fallen leaves 词 谓语动作之前,现已经完成 V. 非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别: 区别 举例 My dream is to become a 多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作,做主语时可以teacher. 不定借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主To obey the law is important. 式 语交换位置,而且意义不变,并且还能用what来提(dream, business, wish, idea, 问主语或表语。 plan, duty, task做主语时常用) 与不定式的功能区别不大,然而它更接近于名词,表It is no use saying that again and 动名示的动作比较抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作,有时也again. 词 可以用it做形式主语,做表语时可以和主语互换位Teaching is my job. 置。 无名词的性质,不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质,The situation is encouraging. 分词 可以做表语,多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等,可The book is well written. 被very, quite, rather等副词修饰。 (常见分词有astonishing, 现在分词多含有“令人…”之意,说明主语的性质特moving, tiring, disappointing, 征,多表示主动,主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被puzzling, shocking, boring, 动或主语所处的状态,含有“感到…”之意,主语多amusing及其-ed形式) 是人。