48. Directions:
write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should: 1) interpret the chart and 2) give your comments
you should write at least 150 wrods
write your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)
2011年考研英语二
答案
Section I USE of English 1-5 ACBDD 6-10
BACCB 11-15 DBACA 16-20 ADACD Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension
21-25ACCAB 26-30DBCBB 31-35BDCDB 36-40DCBAC 41-45EDCFG
21．A。细节题：原文第1段，倒数第3行的how could…?直接提到了bonus payouts 就是说 profits。 22．C。细节题：原文中出现outside directors有几处，helpful but less biased advisor，但是B选项用的是executive, 拼凑答案，D 选项也是一样。最后一句 weathered their own crises对应forecasters。 23．C。细节题：原文是若干个并列，stock is likely to perform worse对应答案， 迷惑选项是B，但是主语不一致20%是probability不是earnings。
24．A。推理题：原文对应firms who want to …..说想留住outside director就是增加incentive。 25．B。态度题：文章各个段落都说outside director的方面。因此是positive。
26．D。定义题：根据上下文猜句子的含义，后句American……..save newspaper中出现了save说明前面的观点一定是不好的才save，因此选D。
27．B．推理题：定位处前一句是 readers are paying more for slimmer newspaper. 因此说明人们多付钱，报纸很薄，节约成本，定位处有even 表示并列，说明前后的原因一致都是成本问题。
28．C。推理题：日本美国原文用了对比的方法说广告占得比例不一样，因此问题是广告收入来源。
29. D。推理题：A选项中有essential, 文章中是说distinctiveness重要而非必要，有问题，D选项是文章中cars and film reviewers have gone.说明由于报纸没有吸引力而失去读者。 30．A。主旨题：文章分析美国报纸出现的问题，说明要挽救。
31．C。细节题：原文restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence对应。 32．D。推理题： 定位是Bauhaus，对应选项与原文，只有D对。 33．C。细节题：原文elegance did not derive from abundance 。
34．D。细节题：原文But后有 the architectural equivalent of the abstract art 。 35．B。推理题：原文Aesthetic effect came form the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing。 36．B。推理题：第一段But后说cheerleader觉得EU 有debt，decline和lower growth。 37．D。推理题：三段论德法对欧元区和谐上达成一致但如何和谐有分歧。 38．B。细节题：原文对应by stricter rules on…. 。 39．A。推理题：原文对应a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds. 40．D。态度题：文章最后总结认为EU是world’s largest trading block. 最后一句 it is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign都是说EU正面的信息。 41．E。原文第6段第2行：manufacturer of crisps…. Play acentral role in the Change for life…. 42．D。原文第7段全部。
43．B。原文第6段第5行Jamie Oliver处。
44．B。原文第10段：imposefast-food-free zone。 45．G 。原文第11段全部。
46．翻译
有谁会想到，在全球范围内，IT行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多？占二氧化碳总排量的2%.
很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用。根据你查询正确答案的尝试次数，谷歌搜索引擎会插手0.2-7克的二氧化碳的排放量。要快速将结果传递给用户，谷歌必须用强大和大量的计算机系统来维护全球巨大的数据库中心。这些计算机在散发大量热量的同时也产生大量的二氧化碳气体。所以中心处理器必须要有很好的散热装备，然而却耗能更多。 小作文
Dear Li Ming,
We are very happy to know that you have successfully passed the college entrance examination this year and have been admitted into Peking University. Allow us to give our most sincere congratulations on this exciting occasion.
You have all along been working hard at your professional studies, and you are excellent in most subjects. Your success shows that only hard work can yield good results，so I suggest that you should make a great progress in university life.
We take this opportunity to express our best wishes to you. Wish you greater achievements in your college education. Yours sincerely, Zhang Wei
大作文
As can be seen clearly from the chart, the market share taken by domestic car brands increased rapidly from 25% in 20008 to nearly 35% in 2009, while conversely, the market share owned by Japanese car brands dropped by 10% from 35% in 2008 to 25% in 2008. What’s more, the market share taken by American car brands is on the upward trend, from 10% to nearly 15%.
Three reasons, in my opinion, can account for the changes in car market in these two years. First, the rise of Chinese cars is of little surprise as we have seen Chinese enterprises’ commitment to developing self-owned technologies, which not only free them from potential risks, but also bring about long-term benefit. Second, Japanese cars, which used to be highly praised for their outstanding quality and superior stability, is now reeling from a crisis of confidence. Last, the improvement of American cars’ performance must be attributed to the smart marketing strategy employed by American sellers. They launched a lot of marketing campaigns designed specially for Chinese market, which won them applaud as well as benefit.
In order to maintain the good momentum of development, domestic cars should on one hand stick to their self-independent policy, and on the other, learn some experiences from Japanese car’s failures and Americans’ success.
2012年考研英语二真题
Section I USE of English
Directions :
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)
Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2 man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes，who went without the 4 of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid , 5 an average guy ,up 6 the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.
His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8 to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10 had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.
GI .joe had a 11 career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a 12 of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports 16 the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives. 1. [A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed 2. [A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal 3. [A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded
4. [A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes 5. [A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence 6. [A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against
7. [A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming
8. [A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down 9. [A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed 10. [A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither
11. [A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished 12. [A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony
13. [A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned 14. [A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human 15. [A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained
16. [A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted 17. [A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired 18. [A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea 19. [A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond
20. [A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that point
Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Text 1
Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.
This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.
District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.
At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.
The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.
21. It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.
[A] is receiving more criticism
[B]is no longer an educational ritual [C]is not required for advanced courses [D]is gaining more preferences
22. L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.
[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education [B]have asked for a different educational standard [C]may have problems finishing their homework [D]have voiced their complaints about homework
23. According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.
[A]discourage students from doing homework
[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards [C]undermine the authority of state tests [D]restrict teachers' power in education
24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it
should be eliminated
[B]it counts much in schooling
[C]it places extra burdens on teachers [D]it is important for grades
25. A suitable title for this text could be______.
[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy [B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students [C]Thorny Questions about Homework [D]A Faulty Approach to Homework
Text2
Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.
Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.
I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.
Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.
26. By saying \
[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood [B]should not be associated with girls' innocence [C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination [D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests
27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？
[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.
[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.
[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders. [D]White is prefered by babies.
28. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much
influenced by_____.
[A]the marketing of products for children [B]the observation of children's nature [C]researches into children's behavior [D]studies of childhood consumption
29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.
[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes [B]attach equal importance to different genders [C]classify consumers into smaller groups [D]create some common shoppers' terms
30. It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.
[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency [B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers [C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen [D]well interpreted by psychological experts
Text 3
In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO)， a trade group， assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.
On July 29th they were relieved， at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision， ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad， a company in Utah，said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.
But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine， the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents： a gene is a product of nature， so it may not be patented； gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it； and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree.Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case， arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”
Despite the appeals court's decision， big questions remain unanswered. For example， it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.
2010-2017考研英语二历年真题及答案解析
