例:(1)、The interviewer should take down notes at the moment
the person being interviewed answers the questions.
(2)、Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship
being loaded with all kinds of goods.(现在分词的被动式)
(3)、We found the eggs eaten by the snake. 我们发现鸡蛋
被蛇吃了。(过去分词表示动作的完成和结果)
3、分词与句子主语在逻辑关系上的一致性
现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动,分词与句子主语的逻辑关系常常是三
级英语出题的知识点。
例:(1)、Feeling tired after a hard work, she fell into bed and went
straight to sleep.
(2)、Arriving at the bus stop, he found a lot of people waiting
there.
4、分词的独立主格结构
当句子前后两部分的主语指代事物不一致(简称主语前后不一致),又需
要其中一个部分作状语时,往往把该部分形成名词/代词+分词
(n./pron.+doing/done)的形式,这种形式被称作分词的独立主格结构。在这种结构内部,当名词/代词与分词是逻辑上的主动关系时,用现在分词;当名词/代词是逻辑上的被动关系时,用过去分词。独立主格结构常做原因状语或伴随状语,是考试重点。
例:(1)、The plane crashed, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.
(2)、Weather permitting, we’ll go to the Summer Palace. 5、with结构作状语
With结构做状语,其构成是:with+名词+现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式
/形容词/介词结构,由于经常考查with+名词+现在分词/过去分词这种形式,所以放在这里讲解,并且要明确何时用with+名词+现在分词结构,何时用with+名词+过去分词结构;如果分词与with后面的名词是主动关系,用现在分词;如果分词与with后面的名词是被动关系,则用过去分词。
例:(1)、He walked across the meeting room with everyone looking
at her.
(2)、With the old man leading the way, we had no trouble in
finding that mysterious cave.
(3)、With the novel published, the writer becomes a famous
person.
(4)、With the matter to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow,
we leave the company.
(5)、With the price so high, they still determine to buy the
car.
(6)、With the book in the hand, the teacher came in the classroom. 第六节 各种从句
一、名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。如果一个句子在一句
话中充当主语、宾语、或者表语,那么该句子就被称作主语从句、宾语从句或者表语从句。名词性从句是三级英语考试的重点,我们应该明确
以下几个方面的内容:
1、主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句都用陈述语序,二不用疑问语序。 2、应对主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的题型,我们要牢记整体性原则,
即首先要保证从句的完整性,一般要添加适当的连接代词、连接副词或者从属连词使从句完整,然后才能在主句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。
3、考试中常见的从属连词、连接代词、连接副词有:
从属连词:that(只起连接句子的作用,不具任何意义),if,whether; 连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose; 连接副词:when, where, how, why
例:(1)、Who let out the news remained unknown.(It remained
unknown who let out the news.) 谁泄露了那个消息仍旧无人知道。
(2)、When we’ll start is not clear.(It is not clear when
we’ll start.)我们何时出发还不清楚。
(3)、What I saw two men crossing the street.
(4)、What the press reported was not the way the event
happened
(5)、I don’t doubt that he is telling the truth. (6)、Can you tell me what it is about the city that makes
people love it so much?
(7)、The people at the party were worried about Janet because
no one was aware of where.
(8)、He was a man of fine character in all points except that
he was rather.
(9)、The reason I don’t go there was that I got a new job. (10)、This is what he wants.这就是他想要的东西。 (11)、The question is whether we can finish our work by
tomorrow morning.
4、在下列情况下不能用if,而用whether
1)、后面直接跟or not:I wonder whether I’ll catch the last
bus or not.我不知道我能否赶上末班车
2)、引导主语从句:Whether they win or lose is all the same to
me.我们胜利也好,失败也好,对我来说都是一样的。
3)、后跟不定式:He didn’t tell me whether to go or stay.他
没有告诉我是走还是留下。
4)、前面有介词:He raised the question of whether we could find
the necessary money.他提出我们能否筹集到必要的资金这个问题。
二、定语从句
在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫作定语从句,被修饰或者限定的那个次
叫作先行词。定语从句分为两种:限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句——紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号和先行词分开的定语从句叫作限定性定语从句;而用逗号和先行词分开的定语从句叫作非限定性定语从句。
1、引导定语从句ude关联词包括:
关系代词:that、which、whose、who、whom、as; 关系副词:when、where、why
关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的成分。
2、which指物,who或者whom指人,whose表示所属关系,这些关系代
词既可用于限定性定语从句,又可用于非限定性定语从句;that既可以指人,又可以指物,但是只能用于限定性定语从句。
例:(1)、The company official who I thought would be fired
received a raise.
(2)、The investigation, whose results will soon be published,
was made by john.
(3)、An old friend from abroad, whom I was expecting to stay
with, telephone me from the airport.
(4)、I don’t like the way that/in which you speak. 3、关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示时
间的名词,一般用when,如果先行词是表示地点的名词,一般用where,但是也应注意例外的情况;如先行词是reason,则用why。关系副词相当于介词加关系代词。
例:(1)、The time will come when man can fly to outer space
freely.
(2)、I will never forget the ten years which we both spent
in the little village.