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成人学位英语语法汇总

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5、动词不定式的复合结构

如果需要指出不定式所表示的动作的发出者(即逻辑主语)时,要再不定

式前用for加名词(或代词)表示。

例:(1)It was very difficult for me to learn Spanish.

(2)It is necessary for you to hand in the papers immediately. 6、同一动词接不定式和动名词的区别

英语中有些动词既可以接动词不定式,又可以后接动名词,但是两种形式所表

达的意思却是截然不同的。考试中常见的形式有:

Stop to do:停下来去做另外一件事情 stop doing:停下正在做的事情 Go on to do:继续去做另外一件事情 go on doing:继续做正在做的事情 Try to do:尽力去做某事 try doing:尝试去做某事 Mean to do:打算做某事 mean doing意味着某事

Remember to do:记得要去做事情 remember doing:记得曾经做过某事 Forget to do:忘记要去做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事 Regret to do:不得不去做某事 regret doing 后悔曾经做过某事 例:1、The old man walked slowly, stopping frequently to rest. 2、Men will never stop searching for new ways of getting new energy. 3、You have been talking for two hours. How long do you intend to

go on talking like that?

4、Don’t forget to close the window before leaving the room. 二、动名词

动名词即动词ing形式,在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。 1、动名词的基本形式

一般时 完成时 主动形式 Doing Having 被动形式 Being done Having been done 例:(1)、Arriving for the lecture early is better than taking the chance

of being late.

(2)、At school Li Ming ran into many problems, such as choosing

classes and handling his time.

(3)、Finding answers to these questions is something like a detective

story.

2、英语中后接动名词的常见动词有:

Admit、appreciate、avoid(避免)、consider、delay、deny(否认、

拒绝)、enjoy、escape、finish、imagine、miss、practice、risk、suggest等。

例:We shall appreciate hearing from you soon. 3、英语中接动名词的常见词组有:

Be accustomed to doing(惯常的,习惯于)、be used to doing(过去

习惯),devote to doing(把…奉献、专用)、feel like doing、look forward to doing、object(反感) to doing、can’t help doing、have trouble (in)doing、have difficulty doing、have a hard timedoing等。

4、英语中后接动名词的常见形容词有:

Be busy doing,be worth doing等。 5、英语中后接动名词的常见名词有:

There is no use doing、there is no point(意义)doing、there is no

good doing、 there is no need doing

6、动名词的否定式

动名词的否定式是在动名词前面直接加not。

例:John suggested not saying anything about it until they found

out more facts.

7、动名词的逻辑主语

当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时可使用形容词性的物主代词。

例:(1)、He forgot about my asking him to attend my wife’s birthday

party.

(2)、I object to his making private calls on the office phone.

我反对他用办公室的电话打私人电话

8、动名词的完成时

当动名词表示的动作发生在主句谓语所表示的动作之前时,用动名词的完

成时。

例:(1)、I don’t remember having ever said that.

(2)、I regret having done such a thing. 我后悔做了这样的事。 9、动名词的被动式

例:(1)、No one avoid being influenced by advertisements. (2)、Susan was very unhappy for not having been invited to the

party.

三、分词

1、现在分词的具体形式:

一般式 完成式 过去分词的形式:done

2、现在分词和过去分词的区别以及分词在句子中的语法功能

1)、现在分词与过去分词的区别主要体现在语态和时态上。在语态上,现

在分词表示主动的意思,即现在分词与句子的主语在逻辑上是主动关系(现在分词表示的动作是句子的主语发出来的);过去分词表示被动的意思,即过去分词与句子的主语在逻辑上是被动的关系(句子的主语是过去分词表示的动作的承受者,或者可以说过去分词表示的动作所针对的对象是句子的主语);在时间上,现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词则表示动作已经完成。简而言之,现在分词表主动、表进行;过去分词表被动、表完成。这一原则要牢记。

2)、分词在句中的语法功能:分词在句子中可以做状语、补足语、表语和

定语。其中分词作状语的用法最为常考。

3)、分词的否定式实在分词的前面加not。

例:(1)、Seeing on the top of hill, we find that the village seems

very small.

现在分词表主动做伴随状语。

主动形式 Doing Having 被动形式 Being done Having been done (2)、Seen from the top of hill, the village seems very small. 过去分词表被动做伴随状语。

(3)、She was sitting in an armchair reading a book. 现在分

词表主动做伴随状语。

(4)、Damaged in the war, the bridge needs repairing now. 过去分词表被动做伴随状语。

(5)、Not knowing anything about the accident, he went to work

as well.

现在分词的否定式表主动做原因状语。

(6)、We kept our fire burning all night to frighten the wolves. 现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行。

4)、两个经常考查的用过去分词形式做状语的词是convince和compare。 例:They all returned to the village convinced that the danger

was over.

5)、现在分词和过去分词转化的形容词的区别:在语法功能上,他们都

可以做定语和表语,但是以ed形式结尾的形容词修饰人,以ing形式结尾的形容词修饰物。

例:(1)、She told me that it was the most delighting gift her

daughter had received.

(2)、My parents are pleased with my progress.

6)、现在分词的被动式和过去分词的区别:现在分词的被动式(being

done)表示在进行着的被动,过去分词(done)表示完成了的被动。

成人学位英语语法汇总

languagesuptonow.5、动词不定式的复合结构如果需要指出不定式所表示的动作的发出者(即逻辑主语)时,要再不定式前用for加名词(或代词)表示。例:(1)ItwasverydifficultformetolearnSpanish.
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