2019-2020学年人教版英语必修四新素养同步讲义：Unit 3 A taste of English humour 4 Section Ⅳ Grammar

advertisers always aim to make their products look good, perhaps even better than they really are.

Advertising affects children in different ways. How children think of advertising can depend on several things, including their age, what they know or have experienced.

At 0－2 years, children can’t tell the difference between advertising and actual programs. At 3－6 years, children can recognize advertisements and tell them from programs, but they don’t understand that ads are trying to sell something. And they are likely to think of advertisements as being funny.

At 7－11 years, when children go to primary school, they can understand that advertisements are trying to sell them something, remember advertising messages and recognize some advertising techniques(策略) like advertisements overstating(夸大) how good products are. However, they might not always understand that products aren’t as good as advertisements say they are, or that advertisers might not be telling them any of the products’ bad points.

To limit the effects of advertising on school-age children, the most important thing parents can do is talk about advertisements and encourage their children to think about what they’re trying to do.

It’s a good idea to focus on the advertisements that a child sees most often. For example, parents can get their children thinking and developing a questioning attitude. In other words, what’s the product in this advertisement? What is it for? Who is it for?

They can also ask their children about the techniques that are being used to sell a product. This can help them work out how an advertisement makes its product look good.

【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子们对广告的认知以及如何引导孩子正确看待广告。

1．What does the underlined word “purchase” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Watch. C．Buy.

B．Say. D．Discuss.

C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的For example, the more TV a child...want and ask for.可知，孩子们电视看得越多，想要买的东西越多，那么作为父母应该让孩子们知道广告的目的就是说服人们“购买”东西。

2．What do children aged 0－2 think of advertisements? A．They are pretty funny. B．They are trying to sell toys. C．They are being shown in many ways. D．They are no different from other programs.

D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段At 0－2 years, children can’t tell...actual programs.可知，0－2岁的孩子认为广告和其他节目没有区别。

3．At what age can children know advertisements are not telling the truth? A．2. C．5.

B．3. D．8.

D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的recognize some advertising techniques(策略)．..good products are可知，7－11岁的孩子逐渐能够判断出广告中的内容有夸大成分，并非全部属实。

4．How can parents limit the influence of advertising on their children? A．By guiding them to see through advertisements. B．By teaching them how to run advertisements. C．By buying advertised products and comparing them. D．By talking about the most successful advertisements.

A 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的For example, parents can get their children...Who is it for？可知，父母要引导孩子看清广告的真相。

Ⅲ 完形填空

I live in a house with a beautiful view of hills and our little town. When I __1__ here 24 years ago the man next door was building a __2__ in his backyard and I could __3__ him from my window.

He was building it alone. I enjoyed watching the __4__ of the boat and I got to know my __5__， Charles. It turned out this was his __6__ boat; he had built a slightly smaller wooden sailboat but had sold it before ever sailing it himself. It was a beautiful boat but Charles __7__ to get on with the bigger steel(钢) boat.

Charles did things very carefully and would not be __8__ to finish any part of the boat. He handcrafted(手工制造) it, piece by piece. __9__， with the passing years, Charles’s __10__ began to worsen. And work on the boat progressed even slowly. Then he was in a bad car accident which left him with a sore(疼痛的) back and that __11__ him even more. Although we didn’t __12__ it, I know he reached a point at which he realized he would never be able to __13__ the boat. He had been working on it almost daily for 25 years but he couldn’t __14__．

Fortunately, Charles was able to __15__ the boat and the other day I looked out the window and the big boat was __16__. I haven’t talked to Charles since the boat was taken away. It was a great __17__ to move it and I saw Charles out there helping as he watched his __18__， one that consumed(消耗) so much of his life, head off to its new owner. I’m sure he is both relieved that

the boat is no longer in the yard to make him __19__ that he couldn’t complete it and __20__ that a huge part of his life is no longer there.

【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的邻居查尔斯二十五年间一丝不苟，亲自铸造一艘钢制帆船的故事。

1．A.passed C．moved

B．left D．searched

C 解析：根据上文中的I live in a house with a beautiful view of hills and our little town.以及下文中的I got to know my______， Charles可知，此处表示当“我”二十四年前“搬到(moved)”这儿的时候。

2．A.house C．garden

B．boat D．pool

B 解析：由下文中多次出现的boat可知，住在隔壁的男子正在建造一艘“船(boat)”。 3．A.watch C．ask

B．warn D．support

A 解析：根据语境及下文中的I enjoyed watching the ______ of the boat可知，从“我”家的窗户上可以“看到(watch)”他。

4．A.show C．progress

B．picture D．result

C 解析：根据上文中的the man next door was building a______ in his backyard and I could ______ him from my window和He was building it alone.以及下文中的He handcrafted(手工制造) it, piece by piece.可知，“我”喜欢从旁欣赏“邻居(neighbor)”查尔斯的造船“过程(progress)”。

5．A.worker C．leader

B 解析：参见上题解析。 6．A.first C．only

B．second D．best B．neighbor D．owner

B 解析：根据本句中的he had built a slightly smaller wooden sailboat but had sold it before ever sailing it himself可知，这是查尔斯建造的“第二(second)”艘船。

7．A.regretted C．agreed

B．failed D．wanted

D 解析：根据上文可知，查尔斯曾造过一艘木质帆船，还未亲自试水便将它卖给别人。结合本句中的but可知，查尔斯“想(wanted)”建造一艘更大些的钢制帆船。

8．A.rushed C．patient

B．pleased D．bored

A 解析：根据本句中的Charles did things very carefully以及下文中的He handcrafted(手工制造) it, piece by piece.可知，查尔斯做事一丝不苟，“不慌不忙”地亲自铸造每一个零件，rushed符合语境。

9．A.Strangely C．Unfortunately

B．Suddenly D．Quickly

C 解析：根据本句中的with the passing years以及下文中的And work on the boat progressed even slowly.可知，“遗憾的是(Unfortunately)”，查尔斯年龄越来越大，“身体状况(health)”渐渐不如当年。

10．A.research C．safety

D 解析：参见上题解析。 11．A.encouraged C．slowed

B．helped D．surprised B．behavior D．health

C 解析：根据上文可知，查尔斯亲自铸造帆船零件，再加上他年龄大了，身体也不如当年了，造船进程很慢。更糟糕的是，一次交通事故让他开始背部疼痛，这使得造船的进程“更慢(slowed)”了。

12．A.talk about C．wait for

B．care about D．depend on

A 解析：根据语境可知，“我”虽然没有和查尔斯“谈论(talk about)”过这艘钢制帆船竣工的事，但“我”知道他明白自己不可能“完工(finish)”了。

13．A.try C．buy

B 解析：参见上题解析。

B．finish D．forget

14．A.continue C．stop

B．start D．rest

A 解析：根据上文的描述以及本句中的but可知，二十五年间，查尔斯潜心于制造这艘钢制帆船，但是他现在无法“继续(continue)”下去了。

15．A.take C．sell

B．build D．turn

C 解析：根据下文中的its new owner可知，查尔斯将那艘钢制帆船“卖(sell)”给别人了。

16．A.broken C．replaced

B．done D．gone

D 解析：根据上文可知，查尔斯将那艘钢制帆船卖给别人了。结合下文中的the boat was taken away可知，不久前的一天，当“我”往窗外看时，查尔斯的船“不见了(gone)”。

17．A.duty C．exercise

B．task D．idea

B 解析：根据上文中的the bigger steel(钢) boat以及下文中的I saw Charles out there helping可知，将帆船从查尔斯的后院搬走是项艰巨的“任务(task)”。

18．A.tool C．project

B．business D．plan

C 解析：设空处指代查尔斯花了二十五年的时间建造的钢制帆船，project意为“工程”，符合语境。

19．A.remember C．imagine

B．believe D．pretend

A 解析：结合全文，此处表示帆船从查尔斯后院搬走的那一天，他有些如释重负，因为它再也不会在这里“提醒着(make him remember)”自己的遗憾，但同时他也有些“忧伤(sad)”，毕竟这艘船耗费了他二十多年的心血。

20．A.afraid C．angry

D 解析：参见上题解析。 Ⅳ 语法填空

The British are well known 1.____________ the amount of tea that they drink. The average

B．worried D．sad