上海市宝山区2024届高三下学期教学质量检测（二模）
英语试题
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
How Much of the Jetsons’ World Has Become a Reality?
For most of our readers, The Jetsons may be an unfamiliar name. However, for many American born in or before the 1980s, it is a name we fondly remember. The Jetsons was a popular cartoon that featured a family living in an advanced world ___21___ people settle in houses built in the sky, work only three days a week and drive flying cars that resemble flying saucers. While sky-high houses and three-day workweeks don’t appear to be on the horizon, other visions of the future ___22___（turn）into practical realities.
Flying cars have been on the minds of scientists and inventors for decades. They are part of a typical imaging of the future fast-paced and luxurious, ___23___（allow）us to speed through the skies. As ___24___（see）in The Sky’s No longer the Limit, this flight of fancy may soon be a reality in Dubai. Aiming ___25___（become）the world’s most advanced city, Dubai is currently testing the first-ever flying taxi.
___26___ money still exists in its current cash-based form in The Jetsons, people today are looking toward a world where even cash is out-of-date. Bitcoin is a type of digital money that has taken the world by storm. Since its introduction, the money’s price ___27___（increase）to rates as high as US$ 19,000. This, however, may not predict well for the future of digital currency, as experts warn that Bitcoin is a bubble and ___28___ crash soon. It’s possible that some dreams of the future may still be ___29___ ______ our reach.
Other more probable technologies already exist, for example, future flying eye hospitals in A Hospital with Wings, unusual-engineered folding paper in Clever Folding and the population of endangered corals（珊瑚）in Lab-Bred Coral to the Rescue, etc. All these show ___30___ humans are already capable of. So, what else could the future have in store for us?
Section B Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. adapted B. harder C. alternatives D. features E. cooperation F. questions G. accuracy H. captured I. regardless J. opposite K. analyzing
Computer reads brain activity to find out the music each person is listening to
In the experiment, six volunteers heard 40 pieces of classical music, rock, pop, jazz, and others. The Neural（神经的）fingerprint of each song on participants’ brain was ___31___ by the Magnetic Resonance（MR）machine while a computer was learning to identify the brain patterns drawn out by each musical piece. Musical ___32___ such as tone, volume, rhythm and beat were taken in account by the computer.
After that, researchers expected that the computer would be able to do the ___33___ way: identify which song participants were listening to, based on their brain activity –a technique known as brain decoding. When faced two options, the computer showed up to 85% ___34___ in identifying the correct song, which is a great performance, comparing to previous studies.
Researchers then pushed the test even ___35___ by providing not two but 10 options（e.g. one correct and nine
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wrong）to the computer. In this situation, the computer correctly identified the song in 74% of the decisions.
In the future, studies on brain decoding and machine learning will create possibilities of communication ___36___ any kind of written or spoken language.“Machines will be able to translate our musical thoughts into songs,”says Sebastian Hoefle, researcher from D’Or Institute and PhD student from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study is a result of a ___37___ between Brazilian researchers and colleagues from Germany, Finland and India.
According to Hoefle, brain decoding researches provide ___38___ to understand neural functioning and interact with it using artificial intelligence. In the future, he experts to find answers for ___39___ like“what musical characteristics make some people love a song while others don’t? Is our brain ___40___ to prefer a specific kind of music?”
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Having a clear picture in mind of what their future will look like can motivate students to keep going despite the challenges of college life. This ___41___ seems to be particularly effective for female students from relatively low socioeconomic status（SES）backgrounds says Mesmin Destin of Northwestern University in the US. College is a time of great opportunity for some, but can be ___42___ for others. It is often the first time that many students are away from the regular and familiar support of their family and friends. Weak students from lower SES backgrounds often encounter greater financial and psychological challenges than others, and this can lead to ___43___ and even withdrawal from difficult situations, such as when interacting with their lecturers or taking tests and exams.
Destin and his colleagues wanted to understand if students’ ___44___ to academic challenges improve when they look forward to the future. This idea is built around the theory of identity-based motivation. It holds that people can take positive action during times of unfavorable conditions when they ___45___ a successful future for themselves.
“The theory of identity-based motivation proposes that stimulating a focus on a successful future identity may be especially ___46___ in motivating students who are weak during challenging academic situations to develop a sense of action readiness,”explains Destin. This involves feeling ready and able to take appropriate action when ___47___ difficulty.
In two almost identical laboratory experiments—one involving 93 female students, the other 185 students（including 101 women）-- participants were first asked either to write about their past or their future ___48___. After their deep thoughts, the participants were filmed during an limited interview with a so-called lecturer, and then had to ___49___ a difficult academic test. The research team noted whether participants’ body language was bold and confident, and measured the amount of effort participants’ ___50___ the academic test.
The results were in agreement with the theory of identity – based motivation. Destin and his team found that having a successful future identity can prevent especially female students from lower SES backgrounds from ___51___ during challenging academic situations. Specially, lower SES women who wrote about their future identities displayed greater action ___52___ compared to those who considered their past. They showed more confident body language. It helped them to make more effort to tackle the test, and had an indirect effect on their ___53___.
“Simulating imagined successful future identities appears to provide a ___54___ pathway to enable weak students to effectively navigate everyday stressors,”says Destin.“The findings ___55___ suggest that certain students may benefit from strategies that remind them to image their successful futures before any difficult and important task that they might otherwise be likely to avoid.”
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41. A. instruction B. strategy C. challenge D. psychology 42. A. disgraceful B. shameful C. harmful D. stressful 43. A. hesitation B. intention C. depression D. decision 44. A. willingness B. options C. responses D. applications 45. A. destroy B. imagine C. abandon D. substitute 46. A. powerful B. upright C. unique D. ambitious 47. A. avoiding B. overcoming C. surrendering D. encountering 48. A. experience B. suffering C. success D. failure 49. A. design B. complete C. comment D. revise 50. A. put away B. put on C. put out D. put into 51. A. withdrawing B. transforming C. advancing D. engaging 52. A. quantity B. dullness C. readiness D. inability 53. A. fascination B. ignorance C. dilemma D. performance 54. A. tolerable B. potential C. straight D. academic 55. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. meanwhile
Section B
Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
I believe in getting lost. Lost in the text of the novel that is particular to your thoughts and feelings that you consider special. The song that reminds you of your childhood summers, where you close your eyes and lose yourself reliving a memory; feeling the warm wind brushing against your arm, the smell of the dusty sand that you stir up as you ride your bicycle, murmuring the tune of that song. Like the unprepared Sunday Drive, with no destination. You’re free to wander, take paths that you’ve never noticed, discover places you haven’t been. Then falling off on the path to lead you back home, leaving you to test directions and alertly absorb your surroundings in order to find your way back; that kind of lost.
I get lost daily, whether it’s in thought, or the unplanned drive I just decided to go on. Getting lost is an adventurous learning experience that trains you how to be more aware of your surroundings. A few of my most favorite memories involve physically getting lost. That one late night trip back to Ludington from Grand Rapids I took with a few friends. We finally realized we were going the wrong way when we hit South Haven, almost three hours out of our way. There was also the time where I got lost in the De Vos Place in Grand Rapids after the President’s Ball and then the parking garage for a solid two hours. I felt like my life was that one scene of an American television situation comedy, minus the air conditioner. At the time, these are nervous experiences that get your anxiety pumping. You’re fearful that you won’t be safe, but it always works itself out in the end. Physically losing yourself prepares you for how you manage when you emotionally or mentally lose yourself. You don’t always have to be lost in a literal sense to“get lost”and some of the time, losing yourself may not be a positive experience. There are times where I lose sight of who I am. While lost, I test our metaphorical paths and sometimes they turn out to be the right direction and other times they were a wrong turn. I make note of these wrong turns, so I can avoid them further on up the road of finding my way back to who I am.
In Walden, Henry David Thoreau wrote“Not till we are lost, in other words not till we have lost the world, do we begin to find ourselves, and realize where we are and the infinite extent of our relations.”Getting lost fuels my curiosity and teaches me lessons on finding my way back to the right track. I believe in getting lost through day
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dreams, a misplacement, adventures, and difficult times where you make discoveries about yourself and the atmosphere around you. In order to truly find yourself, I believe that you should put down the map and get wonderfully lost.
56. In the first paragraph, the author mainly expresses that ______. A. lost in a novel is a special feeling B. songs remind us of past experiences C. wandering is a wonderful discovery D. getting lost brings us benefits
57. The author mentions the experiences of physically getting lost（in paragraph 2）in order to say _______. A. physically getting lost is most difficult to deal with B. we can enjoy trips while physically getting lost
C. people are easy to get physically lost in our daily life D. we realize our surroundings while physically getting lost
58. Words from Henry David Thoreau（in the last paragraph）imply that getting lost ______. A. enables us to look within and to see outward B. pulls people back into the previous moment C. enables us to remind ourselves of adventures D. helps us enjoy ourselves wherever we are
59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. I Once Was Lost B. Wonderfully Lost C. Physically Getting Lost D. Mentally Getting Lost
（B）
Two in three Americans shower once a day or more, according to a YouGov poll. Here’s why you might be better off showering less frequently（and here are other ways you might be showering wrong）
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60. What’s the whole passage mainly about?
A. Reasons you can probably get away with showering less. B. Advice you can take on how to shower more and better. C. Harmful effects made on you through showering less. D. Benefits you can get from showering on a daily basis.
61. This passage provides us with the following further detailed information Except ___. A. the best time of day to shower B. the proper temperature for your shower C. the other ways you shower wrong D. the other ways to cut your water bill 62. Which of the following is Not a reason why you should shower less? A. Showering gets rid of good bacteria. B. You’re absolutely as dirty as you think. C. Towel drying causes damage to your skin.
D. You only really need to wash your smelly parts.
（C）
Social norms of right and wrong are vital to a well-functioning society. However, such moral standards are changeable and the psychological mechanisms（机制）driving this change are unknown. Now, researchers at Karolinska Institutet report that our view of selfish and unselfish behaviors changes depending on how common they are.
The results are based on a combination of behavioral experiments, mathematical models and computer simulations. In the experiments, the participants first observed other people’s behavior in a so-called“public goods game,”in which players receive a sum of money and then choose either to invest it to varying degrees so that it benefits everyone in the group, or to keep it for themselves. After every round, the participants were asked to judge the different choices as morally right or wrong, and whether the choices ought to be punished with a
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上海市宝山区2024届高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语试题
