教学内容 宾语从句 宾语从句：放在实义动词之后的词，即为宾语。宾语可以由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。 概述 考试要点 从句中的语序 陈述句语序 由that引导 由whether, if引导 连接词的用法 由what，who，whose，which引导 由where，when，why，how引导 宾语从句 否定前移 从句的简化 主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe时 复合句变为简单句 主句是现在时，从句时态根据实际情况而定 从句中的时态 主句是过去时，从句用过去的对应的某种时态 从句表示客观事实或真理，用一般现在时 简 要 分 析 考点一 宾语从句的时态和语序 要点归纳： 1、宾语从句的时态 （1）如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： a. “I know my parents care about me,” he says. 他说：“我知道我父母关心我。” b. Now in China, he has found that his family ____________ a tall tree with long roots.
现在在中国，他已经发现他的家庭就像长有很长树根的一棵大树。 c. I am writing to say that I am against ____________ (build) a new zoo in our town. 我写信要说的是我反对在我们的镇上建一个新的动物园。 d. I remember that he _______________________ (给了我一本书) yesterday. e. He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow. 他已告诉我明天他要____________纽约了。 （2）如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。如： a. In 1991, Hepburn discovered that she had cancer. 1991年，赫本发现她得了癌症。 b. Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after tea), was invented by accident? 你知道茶，这个世界上最大众化的饮料（仅次于水），是__________被发明的吗？ c. When I first ate in a western restaurant, I didn’t know what I was supposed to do. 我第一次在西餐厅吃饭时，都不知道_____________________。 d. He told me that he __________ (will) take part in the high jump. e. She asked me if I _______________ (已经拿了) her soap. （3）如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时。如： a. He told me that the earth ________ (go) around the sun. b. Didn’t your teacher tell you the moon ________ (be) smaller than the sun? 2、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。但要注意，当连接词在从句中作主语时，原问句的语序不变。如： a. Where is Tom from? Do you know? →Do you know where Tom is from? b. Who made you angry? Can you tell me? →Can you tell me who made you angry? c. What is the matter with Tom?” Mary asked me. →Mary asked me what was the matter with Tom. 【小试牛刀】 1. —Hi, Bruce. Here is a letter for you.
—Thanks. I wonder ________. A. who the letter was from B. who was from the letter C. who was the letter from D. who from the letter was 2. —I’m going to buy a car. Any advice, Charlie? —Well, it depends on ________. If money isn’t the problem, you can buy a BMW. A. when you will buy one B. how much you can afford C. what color you like D. where you are driving 3. —Can you tell me ________ the prize, Tom? —Last year. A. when you got B. when did you get C. when will you get D. when you will get 4. —Could you tell me ________? —You can take No. 16 bus. A. how can we get to the Olympic Park B. how we can get to the Olympic Park C. how did we get to the Olympic Park D. how we got to the Olympic Park 考点二 宾语从句的引导词(连接词) 要点归纳： 引导词 引导词的作用 本身无意义，只起连接作用，that 口语中可省略 what, which，who, whose, whom等 如主语、宾语、定语等 Jerry asked me whose schoolbag it was. He said (that) his sister was good at cooking. 例句 在从句中作一定的成分， I don’t know what you are going to do. when (表时间)， 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where you went last Friday?
where (表地点)， why (表原因)， how (表方式) 等连接副词 意为“是否”，不作句子成分，if / whether 但不能省略 1、 当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导。如： Do you know how we can find his new home? I wonder why he won’t come here tomorrow. He asked me if / whether Leo was a lawyer. I wonder whether he likes maths or not. Even the teacher agreed that Martin was ____________ his time. 甚至老师也认同马丁在浪费时间。 引导词that用于下列情况时不可省略： a. 当宾语从句的主语是that时。如：He says that that is a useful book. b. 当从句前有插入语时。如：It says, on a card, that it is made in Italy. c. 当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如： Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies. 我们的老师认为如果我们那样做的话，我们会把更多的精力放在衣服上而不是学习上。 d. 当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。如： He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much. 他说这部电影非常有趣，并且他非常喜欢看。 2、 含疑问语气的句子构成宾语从句时用whether或if连接，句尾的标点符号取决于主句。如： Do you like watching TV? He asked me. →He asked me if / whether ______________ watching TV. I don’t _________ if it’s something I don’t need. 我不介意它是否是我不需要的东西。 何时只用whether而不用if？ a. 直接与or not连用时，用whether，不用if。例如： I didn’t say whether or not he’ll be _____________________. 我没说她是否呆在家里。 Can you tell me whether the train has left or not? 你能否告诉我火车是不是已经开了? b. 所引导的从句作介词宾语时，用whether，不用if。例如：
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。 I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll __________________. 我是否回家还没定。 c. 引导宾语从句，从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。例如： Whether this is true (or not), I can’t tell. 这是不是真的，我不能_________。 Whether it is a defect or not，I don’t quite know. 这是不是个错误，我不知道。 d. 和动词不定式连用时，用whether，不用if。例如： I don’t know whether to __________ or __________. 我不知道是接受还是拒绝。 I don’t know whether to see my doctor today. 我不知道今天是否去看医生。 e. 在容易造成歧义的情况下，如表达“是否”的意思时，最好用whether，避免用if。如： Let me know whether you are coming. 你来还是不来，通知我一声。 如用if，则有两层意思。如：Let me know if you are coming. 可理解为：你来还是不来，通知我一声。也可理解为：你如果来的话，通知我一声。前者是宾语从句，后者则是条件状语从句。 f. 在discuss后面只能跟whether引导的宾语从句。如： We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我们讨论了是否该关闭商店。 注：doubt用于肯定句时，可用whether 或if 引导的宾语从句，在否定句或疑问句中则跟that 引导的宾语从句。如： I doubt whether / if he will come. 我怀疑他________________。 I don’t doubt that ____________________. 我不怀疑你是诚实的。 Do you doubt that he will win the match? 你怀疑他能赢得比赛吗？ ☆ 宾语从句如果是否定句，一般用if，因为whether引导的宾语从句通常是肯定的。如： I don’t care if she doesn’t come. 我不在乎他是否来。 3、连接代词what，who，whom，whose，which引导宾语从句时，连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，不能省略。如： a. She knew __________ was happening because she learnt about underwater earthquakes at school only a few weeks earlier. 她知道发生了什么，因为几周前她在学校学习了水下地震方面的知识。 b. She doesn’t know _________ this pencil belongs to. 她不知道这个铅笔是谁的。 c. There are three kinds of computers here; I can’t decide __________ kind I can choose.
初中英语宾语从句知识点
