Section Ⅲ Grammar——宾语从句和表语
从句
[语 境 自 主 领 悟]
先观察原句 ①Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in 1.左栏6个句子中的黑体部London. ②It is Henry Adams，an American businessman，分都是主句中的从句，这些who is lost in London and does not know what he 从句在词性上相当于一个名should do. 词，故被称作名词性从句。 ③I wonder，Mr Adams，if you'd mind us asking 2．句①②③④中的黑体部分a few questions. 属于宾语从句。 ④I didn't know whether I could survive until 3．句⑤⑥中的黑体部分属于morning. 表语从句。 ⑤That's why we've given you the letter. ⑥It looks as if it is going to rain. [语 法 精 要 点 拨] 一、名词性从句的连接词 项目 从属连词 连接词 that whether/if who(ever) 连接代词 whose what(ever) which(ever) when(ever) 连接副词 where(ever) how(ever) why 二、宾语从句 意义 无意义 是否 (无论)谁 谁的 (无论)什么 (无论)哪个 (无论)何时 (无论)何地 (无论)怎么 为什么 在句中的功能 不充当成分 不充当成分 主、宾、表 定 主、宾、表、定 主、宾、定 时间状语 地点状语 方式状语 原因状语 后自主感悟 第 1 页
1．that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。
We learnt from his letter (that)he would come to Shanghai soon. 从他的信中我们了解到他不久会来上海。
[名师点津] 宾语从句中两种情况中的连接词that不能省略； ①引导的第二个宾语从句前的that不可省；
②在动词＋形式宾语it＋宾语补足语＋that引导的宾语从句中that不能省略。 He said(that)you were too young to understand the matter and that you were asked not to care about it.
他说你太年轻，还无法理解这件事情，你也不要去管它。
We think it important that every citizen should obey the traffic rules.我们认为每个市民都应该遵守交通规则是很重要的。
[即时训练1] 单句改错
①He said he would give up the chance and he would try hard to look for another one.在and后加that ②We found it strange no one would take the money.在strange后加that 2．whether或if引导的宾语从句
whether或if引导宾语从句时，在句中不充当成分，但是含“是否”之意，从句要用陈述语序。
I wonder whether/if we'll finish the task on time. 我不知道我们能否按时完成这项任务。 I'll see whether/if I can advise him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。 [名师点津]
用whether而不用if引导宾语从句的情况： ①作介词的宾语时，只能用whether；
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②与or或or not连用时只能用whether； ③用于There's some doubt whether...句型中；
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。 I want to know whether it's good news or not. 我想知道这是不是好消息。
We discussed whether we should use the money to buy a new house. 我们讨论了是否该用这笔钱来买套新房子。 There is some doubt whether he will come in time. 他是否能及时赶到值得怀疑。
3．连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever和连接副词when，where，how，why这些连接词都有词义，除引导从句外，还在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。这种宾语从句有疑问意义，但不是疑问句，不能用疑问语序，而要用陈述语序。
The police asked me how the accident happened. 警察问我事故是怎么发生的。(how作状语)
He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.他想知道经理在会议上说了些什么。(what作宾语)
Do you know who will be sent to work in Xinjiang? 你知道会派谁去新疆工作吗？(who作主语) He didn't tell me when we would meet again. 他没告诉我什么时候我们再相见。(when作状语) Can I speak to whoever is in charge of this project? 我能和负责这个项目的人谈谈吗？(whoever作主语) [名师点津]
“疑问词＋-ever”结构的词可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。而“no matter＋疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句。
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18-19 Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar——宾语从句和表语从句
