妊娠期人巨细胞病毒感染的中医药研究进展
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摘要:妊娠期人巨细胞病毒感染宫内传播可导致流产、胎儿生长受限、小头畸形及子代出生后渐进性感音神经性耳聋、认识障碍等严重并发症,严重危害母儿健康。西药治疗妊娠期人巨细胞病毒感染存在致畸、耐药等风险,目前尚未建立理想的对妊娠期活动性巨细胞病毒感染一级预防方案。在中医古籍中,该病病因病机多与“毒”“虚”“湿热”密切相关。中医药治疗妊娠期巨细胞病毒感染有肯定的疗效,安全性高,本文对目前妊娠期巨细胞病毒感染的中医药治疗理论基础、治疗方案进行了总结。 关键词:人巨细胞病毒;妊娠;中医药;病因病机
中图分类号:R259 文獻标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.01.013 文章编号:1006-1959(2019)01-0037-04
Advances in Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine for Human Cytomegalovirus Infection during Pregnancy LI Wei,CHEN Su-hua
(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,Hubei,China)
Abstract:Intrauterine transmission of human cytomegalovirus infection during
pregnancy can lead to abortion, fetal growth restriction, microcephaly and progressive complications such as progressive deafness and neurological deafness after birth, and cognitive impairment, which seriously endangers maternal and child health. Western medicine for the treatment of human cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy is teratogenic, drug-resistant and other risks, and has not yet established an ideal primary prevention program for active cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy. In the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine, the pathogenesis of the disease is closely related to “poison”, “virtual” and “damp heat”. Traditional Chinese medicine has a positive effect on the treatment of gestational cytomegalovirus infection, and it has high safety. This paper summarizes the theoretical basis and treatment plan of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for gestational cytomegalovirus infection. Key
words
:
Human
cytomegalovirus;Pregnancy;Traditional
Chinese
medicine;Etiology and pathogenesis
人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)是全世界尤其是发展中国家最常见的机会感染病原体[1,2]。妊娠期CMV感染可宫内传播导致流产、胎儿生长受限及出生后感觉神经性耳聋、视力障碍、神经功能缺陷、学习障碍等后遗症[3-6],严重危害母儿健康。CMV疫苗漫长且艰难,目前对妊娠期活动性HCMV感染缺乏有效的一级预防方案,更昔洛韦等抗病毒西药虽广泛应用于器官移植、HIV患者合并的HCMV感染中,但其明确的胎儿致畸作用限制了在妊娠期中的应用[7-9]。中医药对治疗妊娠期巨细胞病毒感染安全性高,副作用小,患者依从性高,得到了广泛应用[10-12]。本文对于妊娠期巨细胞病毒感染的病因病机和治疗进展进行了初步的综述,为建立妊娠期人巨细胞病毒中医药治疗体系奠定基
础。
1中医学对该病的认识
中医主要是从宏观的角度,用哲学的方法,从整体上对生命和疾病进行研究。巨细胞病毒宫内感染是一个西医学概念,中医并无巨细胞病毒宫内感染的病名,但根据其发病特征及临床表现当属中医“胎动不安,胎漏,胎萎不长,小产,滑胎,热入血室,儿科解颅,胎黄”等范畴。关于此类疾病在我国古代医学古籍书中多有记载,总结其病因病机多与“毒”“虚”“湿热”密切相关。
1.1关于因“毒” 《诸病源候论》云:“非其时而有其气,一气之至无人不伤,长少虽殊,病皆相似者,多夹于毒,……妊娠遇之,重者伤胎也。”既指出其病因与“毒”相关,又说明了其具有传染性的特征。《经效产宝·妊娠伤寒热病防损胎方论》云:“非即之气伤折妊妇,热毒之气侵损胞胎,遂有堕胎漏雨。”《诸病源候论·胎死腹中候》云:“此或因惊动倒仆,或染温疫伤寒,邪毒入于胞脏,致令胎死。”以上记载指出了毒邪致病之病机。此外,《胎产心法》亦对妊娠期毒邪导致“胎死留于胞脏”进行了总结。
1.2关于因“虚” 《景岳全书》云:“夫胎以阳生阴长,气行血随,营卫随和,则及期而产,若或滋养之机少有间断,则源流不继而太不固矣。……妊娠之數堕胎者,必以气脉亏损而然,而亏损之由,有禀资之素弱者,有年力衰残者……。凡胎孕不固,无非气血损伤之病,盖气虚则提摄不固,血虚则灌溉不周,所以多致小产。”《妇人良方大全·妊娠门》云:“夫人以胃气壮实,冲任荣和,则胎得所,如鱼处渊。若气血虚弱,无以滋养,其胎终不能成也……。”《陈素庵妇科补解》:“妊娠胎动不安,大抵冲任二经血虚,胎门子户受胎不实也。”《竹林女科》提出:“妊娠五六个月,胎萎不长,由于妊母禀赋虚弱。若气血两虚,宜八珍汤……。若脾胃虚弱,宜六君子汤……。”《竹林女科》关于滑胎云:“妊娠有三四