2018年军队文职统一考试《专业科目》外国语言文学
类—英语试题
一、语法与词汇。根据题目要求，在选项中选出恰当的选项
1
My idea of a holiday is to book myself into a five-star hotel and just in the luxury for a week.
A、bellow B、burrow C、fallow D、wallow 2
The in Janet's character has hindered her from advancement in her career. A、deficiency B、demerit C、defect
D、shortcoming 3
We hadn't realized that there would be a power cut so we are astonished when the whole house was into the darkness. A、dropped B、dived C、drowned D、plunged 4
Citizens who refuse or evade in times of war are to be sentenced to two years of fixed-term imprisonment if the situation is serious.
A、tax
B、confiscation C、working D、conscription 5
He worked as a builder in Chicago half his monthly wage to his family in the Philippines.
A、refunded B、remitted C、reposed D、rebuffed 6
The scene is so beautiful that it my power of description. A、transports B、transfers C、transcend D、transforms 7
My grandfather, a retired worker, often the past with a feeling of longing and respect.
A、contemplates B、contrives C、considers D、contacts 8
Their happiness was very . A、crisp B、brittle C、delicate D、fragile 9
Despite his wealth and position, he has an personality. A、unassuming B、unprecedented C、undermining D、uncouth 10
Although the disease threatens the lives of several thousand people every year,
the of supplies and equipment has hampered the progress of medical research for a cure.
A、rarity B、scarcity C、infrequency D、poverty 11
Reports say that earlier this year, the suspect was taken to a hospital for medical treatment but remained in police . A、curfew B、custody C、detainment D、bail 12
As my exams are coming next week, I will take advantage of this week to on some reading.
A、catch up B、clear up C、make up D、pick up 13
To save gas, people should be encouraged to join the car instead of fining them when found in such activities.
A、pool B、club C、group D、service 14
Rain is welcome, but a (an) large amount of rainfall will cause floods. A、extensively B、extremely C、specially D、constantly 15
Apart from philosophical and legal reasons for respecting patients' wishes, there are several practical reasons why
doctors should to involve patients in their medical care decisions. A、enhance B、enforce C、endeavor D、struggle 16
with the size of the country, the number of population does not seem large at all. A、Compared B、Be compared C、Comparing D、Compare 17
Stephen Hawking has made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.
A、which I think it is B、think which is C、of which I think D、which I think is 18
We went to the nightclub last night, and we asked the waiter for and . A、two cups of tea；four coffee
B、two teas；four coffee C、two teas；four coffees
D、two cup of tea；four cup of coffee 19
The committee can't come to a decision, because at odds. A、they are B、it is C、it has D、they have 20
Engines to machines hearts to animals. A、like B、as C、what D、when
二、基础常识。根据题目要求，在选项中选出恰当的选项
21
Which of the following is in the southwest of America?（ ）
A、Maine B、Colorado C、Arizona
D、Both A and B 22 During
the reign of , the church in England asserted its independence from the Roman Catholic Church.
A、Edward VI B、King John C、King Jams I D、Henry VII 23
is the highest juridical officer in Britain. A、The Lord Chancellor B、The Home Secretary C、The Attorney General D、The prime minister 24
The Economist is one of the most important in Britain. A、weekly reviews B、quarterly reviews C、daily newspapers
D、Sunday newspapers 25
Transcendentalism is movement started in the US by . A、Washington Irving B、Ralph Waldo Emerson C、Henry David Thoreau D、Nathaniel Hawthorne 26
In cross-cultural communication, mistakes is not so obvious as grammatical ones but are even more disastrous.
A、semantic B、pragmatic C、phonetic D、stylistic 27
The word meaning in the dictionary is called the meaning. A、connotative B、denotative C、collective D、stylistic 28
is sometimes called “the world's biggest farm”.
A、Australia B、New Zealand C、Canada
D、the United States 29
In the history of English literature, the second half of the 18th century is sometimes called . A、Pope B、Dryden C、Johnson D、Defoe 30
Which of the following is not one of \（ ） A、William Wordsworth
B、Samuel Taylor Coleridge C、Robert Southey D、Walter Scott
三、阅读理解。根据题目要求，在选项中选出恰当的选项
（一）
TEXT A
1. A planet believed to be remarkably similar to Earth has been discovered orbiting a distant sun-like star, bolstering hopes of finding life elsewhere in the universe, US scientists said on Thursday. The planet, which is about 60 percent larger than Earth, is located 1400 light years away in the constellation Cygnus. It was discovered by astronomer using NASA's kepler space telescope and it circles a star that is similar to size and temperature to the sun, but older.
2. \mer Jenkins told reporters on a conference call,
\rs in the habitable zone of its star. That's considerable time and opportunity for life exist on this planet.\m the sun, completing an orbit in 385 days, compared to Earth's 365-day orbit. At that distance, surface temperature would be suitable for liquid water, a condition to be believed critical for life.
3. Scientists previously have found Earth-sized planets orbiting in stars' so-called
\tar. NASA launched the Kepler telescope in 2009 to survey a sampling of nearby stars in an attempt to learn if planets like Earth were common in the galaxy.
4. \perature around non-like star,\ent larger than the Earth, this planet has a somewhat better chance of being rocky.\said, though this conclusion is based on statistic analysis and computer modeling, not direct evidence. If so, Kepler-452b could be about five times as massive as Earth and has gravity that is twice as strong as what exists on Earth surface. The planet also could have a thick atmosphere, cloudy skies and active volcanoes, Jenkin said.
5. With the discovery of Kepler-452b, the telescope has found 1030 confirmed planets include 11 other near-Earth twins, none of which circle sun-like stars. The telescope cannot see planets directly, but measures minute in light coming from target stars. Sophisticated computer programs and follow-up observations with ground based telescopes then determine if some of the light dips are caused by planets passing in front of their parent stars, relative to Kepler's line of sight. Attempts to learn if Kepler-452b has an atmosphere likely will have to wait for a new generation of more sensitive space telescope, said NASA's associate administrator John Grunsfeld.
31
According to paragraph 1, which of the following statements is TRUE? （ ） A、Planet very similar to Earth has been discovered orbiting the sun. B、The planet is about 160 percent the size of the Earth.
C、It would take a space shuttle about 1400 years to get to the planet.
D、The planet circles a star that is about the size, temperature and age of the sun. 32
What does the passage say about the Kepler space telescope? （ ）
A、The telescope changes its measures every minute.
B、Computer programs and ground-based observations are used to determine whether a planet spotted by Kepler has a parent star.
C、The most important mission of the telescope was to survey a sampling of nearby stars. D、The telescope needs to wait for a new generation to discover whether Kepler-452b has an atmosphere. 33
According to paragraph 4, Kepler-452b . A、is very likely to be rocky
B、has a very slim chance of being rocky C、is very unlikely to be rocky
D、has an average chance of being rocky 34
It's very possible for life to rise on Kepler-452b because of all of the following reasons EXCEPT . A、It takes Kepler-452b 385 days to complete its orbit. B、Its parent star is very similar to the sun.
C、It's been orbiting its parent star for about 6 billion years. D、It is rocky and has liquid water. 35
It can be inferred from the passage that . A、of all the stars discovered so far, Kepler-452b is the most similar to the Earth.
B、previously found the Earth-sized planets orbiting in stars' habitable zones' are suitable for life.
C、if Kepler-452b is rocky, it could have gravity twice as strong as what exists on Earth's surface.
D、now people have found 12 Earth-like planets circling sun-like stars.
（二）
TEXT B
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha-experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.
36
According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to？（ ）
A、Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem. B、Identify a problem.
C、Bring together disparate facts. D、Stipulate clear goals. 37
The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？
A、They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.
B、They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers. C、They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.
D、They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions. 38
It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis？（ ）
A、Manager X analyzes first and then acts； Manager Y does not.
B、Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis； Manager Y does not. C、Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem； Manager Y does not. D、Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem； Manager X does not. 39
The text provides support for which of the following statements？（ ）
A、Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.
B、Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.
C、Managers' intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.
D、Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently. 40
Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text？（ ）
A、An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given. B、Conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced. C、The results of recent research are introduced and summarized. D、Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.
（三）
TEXT C
Roger Rosenblatt's book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayle's recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.
Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt's lit
erary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.
Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the facial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors？
Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by Black over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly white culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.
Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatt's thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works? Yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomey's Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression? In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism. 41
The author of the text is primarily concerned with . A、Evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism. B、Comparing various critical approaches to a subject.
C、Discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism. D、Summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism. 42
The author of the text believes that Black Fiction would have been improved had Rosenblatt . A、Evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black fiction.
B、Attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by Black authors. C、Explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black fiction throughout its history.
D、Assessed the relatives literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically. 43
The author's discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as . A、Pedantic and contentious. B、Critical but admiring. C、Ironic and deprecating.
D、Argumentative but unfocused. 44
The author of the text employs all of the following in the discussion of Rosenblatt's book EXCEPT . A、Rhetorical questions B、Specific examples
C、Comparison and contrast D、Definition of terms 45
The author of the text refers to James Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man most probably in order to . A、point out affinities between Rosenblatt's method of thematic analysis and earlier criticism.
B、clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passage.
C、qualify the assessment of Rosenblatt's book made in the first paragraph of the passage.
D、give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatt's work.
（四）
TEXT D
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a natural spillover. Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English-they would rather have stayed home? By the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New World community. For example, the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably.
Bailyn's third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as indentured servants; another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of
unskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730s, however, American employers demanded skilled artisans.
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished university, and published books?
Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture. Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.
46
Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North America is supported by information in the text？（ ）
A、larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land.
B、Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.
C、Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during the seventeenth century.
D、By the 1730s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. 47
The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to . A、Give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of the colonies and England.
B、Describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.
C、Take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to acquire land.
D、Relate the experience of the migrants to the political values that eventually shaped the character of the United States. 48
Which of the following best summarizes the author’s evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition？（ ）
A、It is totally implausible. B、It is partially acceptable. C、It is highly admirable.
D、It is controversial though persuasive. 49
According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England？（ ）
A、High culture in New England never equaled the high culture of England.
B、The cultural achievements of colonial New England have generally been unrecognized by historians.
C、The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did not develop a culture that was uniquely their own.
D、The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of New England. 50
The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about Bailyn's work？（ ）
A、Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture. B、Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great Britain. C、Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect.
D、Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group of migrants to colonial North America.
四、英汉互译。英汉互译
51
请把下段文字翻译成英语：
第二，共建开放创新的世界经济。创新发展是引领世界经济持续发展的必然选择。当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革正处在实现重大突破的历史关口。各国应该加强创新合作，推动科技同经济深度融合，加强创新成果共享，努力打破制约知识、技术、人才等创新要素流动的壁垒，支持企业自主开展技术交流合作，让创新源泉充分涌流。为了更好运用知识的创造以造福人类，我们应该共同加强知识产权保护，而不是搞知识封锁，制造甚至扩大科技鸿沟。 52
请把下段文字翻译成汉语：
The word \
have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsible, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.
Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, m
aintaining pretence and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.
Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don't pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others; evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound or awed by them.
Winners do not play
\ir own lives.
1
本题考查形近词辨析。
题目意为“我对于休假的设想是，为自己预订一家五星级宾馆，整整一周都沉醉在奢华的享受中。”A选项“吼叫，惨叫”；B选项“挖洞，钻入”；C选项“休耕，潜伏”；D选项“沉迷，陷入”。横线处需要一个不及物动词，表示使自己沉溺于某物，根据词义选择D项。 故正确答案为D。 2
本题考查近义词辨析。
题目意为“珍妮特性格中的缺点阻碍了她事业上的进步。”四个选项都包含缺少的意思。A选项指缺乏某种元素，B选项主要用于过失、过错，C选项指人性格上较大的缺点，D选项指普通的缺点、毛病。空格处强调性格上的较大缺陷，所以C选项最符合题意。 故正确答案为C。 3
本题考查近义词辨析。
题目意为“我们没有想到会停电，所以当整座房子陷入黑暗时，我们感到很惊讶。”A选项“落下，滴下”，B选项“潜水，俯冲”，C选项“淹死，浸没”，D选项“（使）投入，（使）陷入”，一般与into连用，指陷入某种状态，因此选择D项。 故正确答案为D。 4
本题考查近义词辨析。
题目意为“在战时，公民拒绝或逃避征兵，情节严重的，处二年有期徒刑。”A选项“税金”，B选项“没收，征用”，C选项“工作，干活”，D选项“征兵，征召”。根据题意，在战时，公民逃避某件事情可能导致刑罚的，最大的可能是逃避征兵，D选项最符合题意。 故正确答案为D。
5
本题考查近义词辨析。
题目意为“他在芝加哥做建筑工人，每月把一半的工资汇给他在菲律宾的家人。”A选项“退还，归还”，B选项“汇款”，C选项“休息，寄托”，D选项“断然拒绝，漠不关心”。根据题意，他在芝加哥工作，将收入的一半寄回家中，B选项汇款意思最为符合。 故正确答案为B。 6
本题考查同根词辨析。
题目意为“景色太美了，我无法用语言描绘。”A选项“运送，运输”，B选项“转移，变换”，C选项“胜过，超越”，D选项“变换，变形”。根据题意，so形容词that，表示“如此······以至于······”，风景太美以至于超过语言描绘的能力，C选项符合题意。 故正确答案为C。 7
本题考查同根词辨析。
题目意为“我祖父是名退休工人，他经常带着思念和敬意回忆过去。”A选项“沉思，注视”，与后面的the past搭配，表示回忆过去；B选项“设计，发明”；C选项“考虑，认为”；D选项“接触，联系”。根据题意，祖父经常回忆过去，A选项符合题意。 故正确答案为A。 8
本题考查近义词辨析。
题目意为“他们的幸福极其脆弱易碎。”四个选项都包含脆弱的意思。A选项指食物的松脆；B选项指本来坚硬的东西变得易碎易坏，如老年人骨质疏松；C选项指精致柔弱；D选项指需要小心才不会碎掉。这里指他们的幸福非常不稳固，需要小心保护。所以D选项最符合题意。
故正确答案为D。 9
本题考查近义词辨析。
题目意为“尽管他身份高贵、家境殷实，但却性格谦逊。”A选项“谦逊的”，B选项“空前的，无前例的”，C选项“侵蚀，削弱”，D选项“笨拙的，粗野的”，题目中有despite，表示前后分词之间存在转折含义，而且despite对转折后面的内容有肯定的意味。一个人有身份有财富，但性格却低调谦逊，A选项最符合题意。 故正确答案为A。 10
本题考查近义词辨析。
题目意为“尽管这种疾病每年威胁着几千人的生命，但材料和设备的匮乏制约了对治疗方法开展医学研究的进程。”A选项“罕见，珍贵”，B选项“不足，缺乏”，C选项“罕见、很少发生”，D选项“贫穷，贫困”。根据题意，阻碍研究进展的是物资方面的不足，B选项最符合题意。 故正确答案为B。 11
本题考查近义词辨析。
题目意为“报道称，今年早些时候该嫌犯已被送往医院接受治疗，但仍在警方羁押之下。”A选项“宵禁，晚钟”，B选项“羁押，拘留”，C选项“挽留，延误”，D选项“保释”。police custody，意为警方羁押，B选项最符合题意。 故正确答案为B。 12
本题考查up词组辨析。
题目意为“鉴于下周要考试了，我准备利用这周的时间去读些书。”A选项“赶上，追上”，习惯用法是catch up with；B选项“清理，打扫”；C选项“构成，编造”；D选项“学会，拾起”。pick up on some reading，读一些书，D选项最符合题意。 故正确答案为D。 13
本题考查词义辨析。
题目意为“为了节省汽油，应该鼓励人们进行汽车共乘，而不是对这样的举动罚款。”A选项“水塘，共同资金”，B选项“俱乐部，社团”，C选项“群体，团体”，D选项“检修，服务”。car pool，意为汽车共乘，拼车，与题意相符。 故正确答案为A。 14
本题考查副词辨析。
题目意为“降雨广受欢迎，但雨量过大会引起洪灾。”A选项“广阔地，普遍地”，强调范围；B选项“极其地，极端地”，强调程度；C选项“特别地，专门地”，表示强调；D选项“不断地，时常地”，强调频次。句中要表现的雨量的程度极大，B选项最符合题意。 故正确答案为B。 15
本题考查词义辨析。
题目意为“除了尊重病人意愿的伦理和法律原因外，之所以说医生应该努力让病人参与他们的医疗决策还有几个实际原因。”A选项“提高，巩固”，B选项“执行，支持”，C选项“努力，尽力”，D选项“资助，捐赠”。endeavor to do sth. 努力做某事，其它几个选项后面都接名词（或代词）作宾语，一般不用动词不定式。C选项符合题意。 故正确答案为C。 16
本题考查动词的时态和语态。
题目意为“与这个国家的面积相比，人口数量其实一点也不多。”从句子结构来分析，逗号后部分是一个结构完整的分句，在没有连接词的情况下，前面只能使用非谓语的结构，同时因为被比较，要使用被动语态，A选项符合题意。 故正确答案为A。 17
本题考查定语从句。
题目意为“史蒂芬·霍金又有了一个伟大的发现，这个发现对科学具有重要意义。”去掉插入语I think后，后句为非限制性定语从句，由which引导，指代前面的发现在从句中做主语。 故正确答案为D。 18
本题考查量词。
题目意为“我们昨晚去了夜店，向服务生点了两杯茶和四杯咖啡。”正常的用法是
two cups of tea；four cups of coffee。由于没有这个选项，那么在口语中可以用two teas；four coffees代替。 故正确答案为C。 19
本题考查主谓一致。
题目意为“委员会不能作出决定，因为他们意见不一致。”committee委员会，是一个既能做单数也能做复数的集体名词，这里强调意见不一致，需要将它看作是不同的个体，be at odds，存在争执。 故正确答案为A。 20
本题考查连词。
题目意为“机器的发动机相当于动物的心脏。”固定句型结构：A is to B what C is to D，意思是：A对于B的重要性，就如同C对于D的重要性一样。此句中省略了is。 故正确答案为C。 21
本题考查基础常识。
题目意为“下列哪个地方在美国西南部？”A选项“缅因州”，B选项“科罗拉多州”，C选项“亚利桑那州”，D选项“A、B选项都是”。几个选项都是美国的州，缅因州在东北角，科罗拉多州在西部，亚利桑那州在西南部，C选项正确。 故正确答案为C。 22
本题考查基础常识。
题目意为“在 的统治时期，英国教会宣称它从罗马天主教会中独立出来。”A选项“爱德华六世（1537-1553）”，B选项“约翰王（1167-1216）”，C选项“詹姆斯一世（1566-1625）”，D选项“亨利八世（1491-1547）”。亨利八世在位期间推行宗教改革，将当时英国主教立为英国国教会大主教，使英国教会脱离罗马教廷。D选项正确。 故正确答案为D。 23
本题考查基础常识。
题目意为“ 是英国的最高司法官员。”A选项“大法官”，B选项“内政大臣”，C选项“司法部长”，D选项“首相”。美国的司法长官是The Attorney General，司法部长。英国的司法长官是The Lord Chancellor，大法官，A选项正确。 故正确答案为A。 24
本题考查基础常识。
题目意为“《经济学人》是英国最重要的 之一。”A选项“周刊”，B选项“季刊”，C选项“日报”，D选项“星期日报”。《经济学人》每周四晚上在世界六个地方同步印刷，每周六全球同步出版，4-5期/月。A选项正确。 故正确答案为A。 25
本题考查基础常识。
题目意为“超验主义是由美国的 发起的运动”，A选项“华盛顿·欧文”，B选项“拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生”，C选项“亨利·戴维·梭罗”，D选项“纳撒尼尔·霍桑”。美国超验主义（American Transcendentalism）是美国的一个重要思潮，它兴起于十九世纪三十年代的新英格兰地区，是美国思想史上一次重要的思想解放运动，是真正影响美国的文学风格的开始。一般认为，爱默生是超验主义的倡导者。B选项正确。 故正确答案为B。 26
本题考查基础常识。
题目意为“在跨文化交际中， 错误不像语法上的错误那么明显，但往往造成更严重的后果。”A项“语义的，语义学的”，B项“实际的，用途的”，C项“语音的，语音学的”，D项“体裁上的，格式上的”。跨文化交际中语用失误（pragmatic mistakes）包括词汇、言语行为方式、礼貌差异和价值观等方面，是跨文化交际中容易出现的问题。B项正确。 故正确答案为B。 27
本题考查基础常识。
题目意为“词典中词语的意思被称为 ”。A项“内涵的，隐含的”，B项“外延的，指示的”，C项“集合的，共同的”，D项“体裁的，格式的”。外延意义一般指词语表面、明显或常识性的意义，一般可以在词典中查阅，与结合语境后的内涵意义对应。B项正确。
故正确答案为B。 28
本题考查基础常识。
题目意为“ 有时被称为‘世界上最大的农场’”。A项“澳大利亚”，B项“新西兰”，C项“加拿大”，D项“美国”。新西兰被称为世界上最大的农场，羊肉、奶制品和粗羊毛的出口量均居世界第一位，其农牧产品出口量占全国出口总量的故正确答案为B。 29
本题考查基础常识。
题目意为“在英国文学史上，18世纪下半叶有时被称为 ”。A项“蒲柏”，B项“德莱顿”，C项“约翰逊”，D项“笛福”。英国作家约翰逊（Samuel Johnson，1709-1784）集词典编纂家、小说家、诗人、评论家、文体家、纵谈家、散文家于一身，被称为当时英国文坛的盟主和领袖，18世纪后半期在英国文学史上被称为“约翰逊时代”。C项正确。 故正确答案为C。 30
本题考查基础常识。
题目意为“下列哪一位不是湖畔诗人？”A项“威廉·华兹华斯”，B项“塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治”，C项“罗伯特·骚塞”，D项“沃尔特·司各特”。湖畔派诗人是英国早期浪漫主义的代表，指居住在英国北部昆布兰湖区的三位诗人——华兹华斯、柯勒律治、骚塞结成的诗歌流派。 本题为选非题，故正确答案为D。 31
本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】paragraph 1；statements ；TRUE
【主题句】第1段
A planet believed to be remarkably similar to Earth has been discovered orbiting a distant sun-like star, bolstering hopes of finding life elsewhere in the universe, US scientists said on Thursday. The planet, which is about 60 percent larger than Earth, is located 1400 light years away in the constellation Cygnus. It was discovered by astronomer using NASA's kepler space telescope and it circles a star that is similar to size and temperature to the sun, but older.美国科学家周四表示，一颗被认为与地球非常相似的行星围绕着一颗遥远的类太阳恒星运行，增强了在宇宙其他地方发现生命的希望。这颗比地球大
的行星位于
。B项正确。
距天鹅座1400光年的地方。它是由天文学家使用美国宇航局开普勒太空望远镜发现的，它围绕着一颗与太阳大小和温度相似但更古老的恒星旋转。
【解析】题目意为“根据第一段，下列哪项叙述是正确的？”A项意为“发现了一颗与地球非常相似的、绕太阳运行的行星。”原文是绕类太阳恒星运行，错误；B项意为“这颗行星的体积
大约是地球的。”原文是比地球大，说法一致，正确；C项意为“航天飞机要花1400
年才能到达这个星球。”原文是距天鹅座1400光年，错误；D项意为“这颗行星围绕着一颗与太阳大小、温度和年龄差不多的恒星旋转。”原文说这颗恒星与太阳相比，大小、温度相似，但年龄较大，错误。B项正确。 故正确答案为B。 32
本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】Kepler space telescope 【主题句】
1、第3段
NASA launched the Kepler telescope in 2009 to survey a sampling of nearby stars in an attempt to learn if planets like Earth were common in the galaxy.美国宇航局于2009年发射开普勒望远镜，对附近恒星进行采样，试图了解像地球这样的行星在银河系中是否普遍存在。
2、第5段
The telescope cannot see planets directly, but measures minute in light coming from target stars. Sophisticated computer programs and follow-up observations with ground based telescopes then determine if some of the light dips are caused by planets passing in front of their parent stars, relative to Kepler's line of sight.望远镜不能直接看到行星，但可以测量来自目标恒星的光的分钟数。复杂的计算机程序和地面望远镜的进行后续观测，然后确定一些光线的下降是否是由于行星经过它们的母恒星之前，相对于开普勒的视线。
3、最后一段
Attempts to learn if Kepler-452b has an atmosphere likely will have to wait for a new generation of more sensitive space telescope, said NASA's associate administrator John Grunsfeld.美国宇航局副局长约翰格兰斯菲尔德（John Grunsfeld）表示，要想知道开普勒-452b是否有大气层，可能需要等待新一代更灵敏的太空望远镜。
【解析】题目意为“关于开普勒太空望远镜，这篇文章有怎样的描述？”A项意为“望远镜每分钟都改变测量值。”根据主题句2，望远镜测量来自目标恒星的光的分钟数，错误；B项意为“计算机程序和地面观测被用来确定开普勒望远镜发现的行星是否有母恒星。”根据主题句2，计算机程序和地面观测是用来确定母恒星周围的行星的，错误；C项意为“望远镜最重要的任务是测量附近恒星的样本。”根据主题句1，主要任务是了解像地球这样的行星在银河系中是否普遍存在，错误；D项意为“该望远镜需要等待新一代来发现开普勒-452b是否有大气层。”根据主题句3，正确。 故正确答案为D。 33
本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】paragraph 4；Kepler-452b
【主题句】第4
段 \perature around non-like star,\ent larger than the Earth, this planet has a somewhat better chance of being rocky.\said.开普勒的科学家杰夫·考夫林说：“发现一个类似地球的行星是一个巨大的进步，它在大小和温度上都与非类星相似，而且比地球大
，这颗行星有更大的机会由岩石构成。”
【解析】题目意为“根据第四段，开普勒-425b ？”A项意为“很有可能由岩石构成。”B项意为“由岩石构成的可能性很小。”C项意为“几乎不可能由岩石构成。”D项意为“由岩石构成的可能性一般。”原文的说法是有更大可能。A项正确。 故正确答案为A。 34
本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】very possible for life to rise on Kepler-452b；because；EXCEPT 【主题句】
第2段
“‘It's simply awe-inspiring to consider that this planet, Kepler-452b, has spent 6 billion years in the habitable zone of its star. ’‘That's considerable time and opportunity for life exist on this planet.’ he said. Kepler- 452b is positioned as far from its parent star as Earth is from the sun, completing an orbit in 385 days, compared to Earth's 365-day orbit. At that distance, surface temperature would be suitable for liquid water, a condition to be believed critical for life.”
考虑到这颗开普勒-452b行星已经在其恒星的可居住区呆了60亿年，这简直令人敬畏。”他说：“在这颗行星上有相当长的时间和生命存在的机会。”开普勒-452b的位置与地球与太阳的距离一样远，与地球365天的轨道相比，它在385天内完成了一个轨道的运转。这个距离使表面温度对液态水来说十分适宜，而这一条件被认为是生命的关键。
【解析】题目意为“开普勒-425b上存在生命的可能性很大，主要原因除了以下哪项？”A项意为“开普勒-452b绕轨道一周需要385天。”B项意为“它的母星与太阳非常相似。”C项意为“它绕着它的母星运行了大约60亿年。”原文是在其恒星的可居住区运行60亿年，因此不一致。D项意为“它由岩石构成，有液态水。”除C项外其他都是适宜生命存在的条件。 本题为选非题，故正确答案为C。 35
本题考查的是推理判断。
【关键词】be inferred from the passage 【主题句】
1、第2段
\
r Jenkins told reporters on a conference call.天文学家詹金斯在电话会议上对记者说：“在我看来，这是我们能够发现的与地球最接近的东西。”
2、第3段
Scientists previously have found Earth-sized planets orbiting in stars’ so-called “habitable zones\科学家们先前已经发现了地球大小的行星，它们围绕着恒星的所谓“可居住区”运行，但这些恒星比太阳要冷，也比太阳小。
3、第4段
this planet has a somewhat better chance of being rocky.\n is based on statistic analysis and computer modeling, not direct evidence. If so, Kepler-452b could be about five times as massive as Earth and has gravity that is twice as strong as what exists on Earth surface. 这颗行星由岩石构成的可能性更大。”虽然这个结论是基于统计分析和计算机建模，而不是直接的证据。如果是这样的话，开普勒-452b的质量可能是地球的五倍，其重力强度是地球表面的两倍。
4、第5段
With the discovery of Kepler-452b, the telescope has found 1030 confirmed planets include 11 other near-Earth twins, none of which circle sun-like stars.随着开普勒-452b的发现，望远镜已经发现1030颗已确认的行星，其中包括11颗其他的近地双星，它们都不是围绕着太阳一样的恒星运行的。
【解析】题目意为“从文章中可以推断出 ”A项意为“在迄今为止发现的所有星体中，开普勒-452b与地球最为相似。”根据主题句1，这是一位天文学家的个人看法，不能作为科学结论，错误；B项意为“先前发现的地球大小的行星在恒星‘可居住区’中运行，适合生命存在。”根据主题句2，那些恒星与太阳不相似，存在生命可能性不高，错误；C项意为“如果开普勒-452b由岩石构成，它的引力可能是地球表面的两倍。”根据主题句3，正确；D选项意为“现在人们已经发现了12颗类地行星围绕着类太阳恒星运行。”根据主题句4，错误。 故正确答案为C。 36
本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】senior managers use intuition；EXCEPT 【主题句】
第3段
First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha-experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which ru
n counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution.
首先，他们直觉地感觉到有问题存在。第二，管理者依靠直觉快速地执行良好的行为模式。这种直觉不是武断的，也不是非理性的，而是建立在多年的苦练和实践经验的基础上形成的。直觉的第三个功能是将孤立的数据和实践合成一个完整的画面，通常是在Aha体验中。第四，一些管理者用直觉来检验分析结果的合理性。大多数高级管理人员都熟悉正式的决策分析模型和工具，而那些使用这种系统方法来做出决策的人偶尔会对这些方法提出的解决方案心存疑虑，这些解决方案与他们对正确行动方案的感觉背道而驰。最后，管理者可以利用直觉绕过深入的分析，迅速采取行动，提出一个合理的解决方案。
【解析】题目意为“根据文章，高级管理人员在下列情况下使用直觉，除了哪项？”A项意为“加快问题解决的速度。”对应第五点；B项意为“确定问题的存在。”对应第一点；C项意为“将不同的事实进行整合。”对应第三点；D项意为“制定清晰的目标。”D项原文中没有提到。 本题为选非题，故正确答案为D。 37
本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】writers on management；paragraph 2
【主题句】第2段
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.一代又一代的管理学作家已经认识到，一些实践中的管理者在很大程度上依赖直觉。然而，总的来说，这样的作家对直觉的理解并不到位。有些人认为这是理性的反面；另一些人则认为这是反复无常的借口。
【解析】题目意为“文中关于第2段第1行中提到的管理学作家做出了什么表述？”A项意为“他们批评管理者没有遵循经典的理性决策分析模型。”B项意为“他们的分析并没有以足够大的实际管理者样本为基础。”C项意为“他们的结论依赖于管理者说什么，而不是管理者做什么。”D项意为“他们误解了管理者在做商业决策时如何运用直觉。”根据主题句，他们不理解管理者的直觉。D项正确。 故正确答案为D。 38
本题考查的是推理判断。
【关键词】 one major difference in behavior；intuition；only formal decision analysis 【主题句】第4段
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.高级管理直觉风格的一个含义是，思考与行动密不可分。由
于管理者往往在分析和解释之前就知道什么是正确的，所以他们常常先行动，后解释。分析与思考/行动周期中的行动密不可分，在这个周期中，管理者对公司和组织的思考不是通过分析问题情况然后采取行动，而是通过密切配合的行动和分析。
【解析】题目意为“从文本中可以推断，以下哪一项最有可能是X经理（使用直觉做出决策）和Y经理（仅使用正式决策分析）之间行为上的一个主要差异？”A项意为“经理X先分析，然后行动；经理Y不是。”B项意为“X经理通过系统分析检查问题的可能解决方案；Y经理没有。”C项意为“X经理采取行动以找到问题的解决方案；Y经理不是。”D项意为“Y经理利用多年的实践经验来创建问题的解决方案；X经理不是。”根据主题句，使用直觉的管理者注重行动，C项正确。 故正确答案为C。 39
本题考查的是推理判断。 【关键词】provides support
【主题句】第3段
Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills.第二，管理者依靠直觉快速地执行良好的行为模式。这种直觉不是武断的，也不是非理性的，而是建立在多年的苦练和实践经验的基础上形成的。 【解析】题目意为“本文为以下哪项陈述提供支持？”A项意为“依赖直觉的管理者比依赖正式决策分析的管理者更成功。”B项意为“管理者无法证明他们的直觉决定是正确的。”C项意为“管理者的直觉与他们的理性和分析能力相反。”D项意为“ 直觉使管理者能够更有效地运用他们的实践经验。”根据主题句，实践经验使管理者直觉敏锐，从而执行好的行为模式，D项正确。 故正确答案为D。 40
本题考查的是推理判断。
【关键词】best describes the organization；first paragraph
【主题句】第1段
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise and to integrate action into the process of thinking.大多数成功的高级管理者并没有严格遵循经典的理性模式，即先明确目标，评估问题，制定方案，估计成功的可能性，做出决策，然后才采取行动来实施决策。相反，在日常的战术演习中，这些高管依靠模糊的直觉来应对相互关联的大量问题，这些问题使他们必须在一堆含糊不清、自相矛盾、奇特无比或令人惊异的事物中做抉择，并将行动融入思维过程。
【解析】题目意为“下列哪项最好地描述了文章第一段的结构？”A项意为“给出了一个观点，并给出了一个具体的支持实例。”B项意为“摒弃了一个传统的模式，并引入了另一个模式。”C项意为“介绍和总结了近年来的研究成果。”D项意为“提出并评价了两个对立的观点。”根据主题句，第一段首先否定了一种说法，rather后提出了另一种模式，B项正确。 故正确答案为B。 41
本题考查的是主旨大意。
【关键词】author of the text；primarily concerned with
【主题句】第1段
Roger Rosenblatt’s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies.罗杰·罗森布拉特（Roger Rosenblatt）的《黑人小说》（Black Fiction）一书试图将文学而非社会政治标准应用于其主题，成功地改变了以往大多数研究所采取的方法。最后一段In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. 尽管有这些疏漏，罗森布拉特在他的讨论中所包含的内容仍然是一个精明而有价值的研究。
【解析】题目意为“文章作者主要关注 ”A项意为“评价一部评论作品的可靠性。”B项意为“比较对一个主题的各种批评方法。”C项意为“讨论某种批评的局限性。”D项意为“总结批评工作中的要点。”根据主题句，也就是第一段和最后一段的首句，这篇文章主要谈了对罗杰·罗森布拉特（Roger Rosenblatt）的《黑人小说》（Black Fiction）一书的评价。A项正确。
故正确答案为A。 42
本题考查的是推理判断。
【关键词】Black Fiction would have been improved； Rosenblatt
【主题句】第4段
Rosenblatt's thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works? Yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results.罗森布拉特的主题分析相当客观；他甚至明确表示，他不打算评判各种作品的价值？然而，他的不情愿似乎是错的，特别是当试图进行评估的时候，可能会引发有趣的结果。 【解析】题目意为“文本的作者相信，如果罗森布拉特 的话，《黑人小说》会得到改进。”A项意为“对黑人小说的思想和历史方面进行了更仔细的评价。”B项意为“试图更客观地对待黑人作家的小说和故事。”C项意为“更详细地探讨黑人小说在其历史上反复出现的主题问题。”D项意为“ 对相关文学作品的价值进行了主题分析。”根据主题句，评价各种其它作品的价值会引发正面的结果。D项正确。 故正确答案为D。 43
本题考查的是推理判断。
【关键词】 author's discussion of Black Fiction；best described
【主题句】最后一段
In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. 尽管有这些疏漏，罗森布拉特在他的讨论中所包含的内容仍然是一个精明而有价值的研究。
【解析】题目意为“针对作者对《黑人小说》的评价，最好的描述是 。”A项意为“学术而有争议的。”B项意为“挑剔但赞赏。”C项意为“讽刺并贬低。”D项意为“有争议但没有焦点。”根据主题句，尽管有种种疏漏，《黑人小说》还是很有价值的。B项正确。 故正确答案为B。 44
本题考查的是推理判断。
【关键词】employs all of the following in the discussion of Rosenblatt's book；EXCEPT 【主题句】第2段
Rosenblatt's literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.罗森布拉特的文学分析揭示了黑人小说作品之间的紧密关系，这些都是政治研究所忽视的。第3
段 First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the facial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors?首先，除了作者的面部特征外，是否有足够的理由将黑人作家的作品组合在一起？第4段
For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. 例如，有些小说在结构上似乎是分散的。
【解析】题目意为“本文作者在讨论罗森布拉特的书时采用了以下方法，除了 。”A项意为“反问”；B项意为“举例”；C项意为“对比”；D项意为“下定义”。根据主题句，反问、举例和对比都使用了。
本题为选非题，故正确答案为D。 45
本题考查的是推理判断。
【关键词】James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man；in order to 【主题句】最后1段
Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. 《黑人小说》研究了各种各样的小说，在这个过程中，我们注意到一些引人入胜和鲜为人知的作品，如詹姆斯·韦尔登·约翰逊（James Weldon Johnson）的《前有色人种自传》。
【解析】题目意为“本文作者引用了詹姆斯·韦尔登·约翰逊的一本《前有色人种自传》，目的是为了 。”A项意为“指出罗森布拉特的主题分析方法与早期批评之间的密切关系。”B项意为“阐明文章前面关于表现主义风格的观点。”C项意为“对本文第一段中罗森布拉特的书所作的评价进行限定。”D项意为“举一个罗森布拉特工作成就的具体例子。”根据主题句，提到这本书主要是举例证明罗森布拉特的工作成果。
故正确答案为D。 46
本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】migrants to colonial North America；supported by information in the text 【主题句】第3段
At first, thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730s, however, American employers demanded skilled artisans.起初，成千上万的非熟练工人被招募；然而到了17世纪30年代，美国雇主要求熟练的工匠。
【解析】题目意为“下列关于北美殖民地移民的陈述中，哪一项得到了文章中的信息支持？”A项意为“在北美殖民地的移民中，契约佣人的比例要高于有意获得土地的自由人。”B项意为“作为契约佣人来到殖民地的移民比农民和工匠更成功地谋生。”C项意为“北美殖民地的移民在18世纪比17世纪更成功地获得了自己的土地。”D项意为“到了17世纪30年代，美国雇主对已经熟练从事某一行业的移民的需求量超过了非熟练工人。”根据主题句，D项正确。 故正确答案为D。 47
本题考查的是细节理解。 【关键词】Bailyn failed to
【主题句】第5段
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. 尽管Bailyn继续将他的方法应用于革命前移民的数千名契约佣人，但他没有将他们的经验与美国的政治发展联系起来。
【解析】题目意为“根据文章作者阐述，Bailyn没有 。”A项意为“充分强调殖民地和英国在文化和政治上的相互依赖。”B项意为“仔细描述不同种族背景的移民如何在美国保存他们的文化。”C项意为“利用对移民到北美殖民地以获取土地的殖民者经验的社会研究。”D项意为“将移民的经历与最终塑造美国特色的政治价值观联系起来。”根据主题句，D项正确。 本题为选非题，故正确答案为D。 48
本题考查的是推理判断。
【关键词】best summarizes the author’s evaluation；Bailyn’s fourth proposition 【主题句】第4段
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture.最后，Bailyn认为殖民地是欧洲文化体系的半文明腹地。他坚持殖民地是英美帝国的一部分，这无疑是正确的。但是，像Bailyn一样，将帝国划分为英国核心和殖民边缘，会贬低殖民文化的成就。
【解析】题目意为“以下哪一项最能概括作者对Bailyn第四个命题的评价?”A项意为“完全难以置信。”B项意为“部分可以接受。”C项意为“非常令人钦佩。”D项意为“尽管有说服力，但存在争议。”根据主题句，作者认识Bailyn第四个命题有正确的部分，但也有错误，B项正确。D项，原文中没有提供有说服力的信息。 故正确答案为B。 49
本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】Bailyn and the author agree；culture of colonial New England
【主题句】第4段
It is true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. 诚如Bailyn 所言，殖民地的高级文化从未与英国的文化相媲美。
【解析】题目意为“根据文本，Bailyn和作者同意以下关于殖民地新英格兰文化的哪一种说法?”A项意为“新英格兰的高雅文化从未与英国的高雅文化相提并论。”B项意为“殖民地新英格兰的文化成就普遍为历史学家所承认。”C项意为“殖民者模仿英国的高级文化，没有发展出自己独特的文化。”D项意为“南部殖民地深受新英格兰高级文化的影响。”根据主题句，A项正确。 故正确答案为A。 50
本题考查的是推理判断。
【关键词】author；agree with；Bailyn's work
【主题句】第4段
However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture.然而，新英格兰清教徒的思想和制度对北美文化产生了强大的影响。
【解析】题目意为“文本的作者最有可能同意以下关于Bailyn工作的陈述中的哪一项?”A项意为“Bailyn低估了清教徒思想对北美文化的影响。”B项意为“Bailyn过分强调殖民地对英国的经济依赖。”C项意为“Bailyn将殖民地描述为英美帝国的一部分，这是误导和错误的。”D项意为“Bailyn未能就一批移民到北美殖民地进行测试。”根据主题句，清教徒思想对北美文化影响很大，由however看出作者认为Bailyn对这一点认识不够深刻。A项正确。 故正确答案为A。
51
Second, let us work together to build an open world economy with innovation.
Innovation-driven development is essential to sustained growth of the world economy. What we are seeing is a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. It has reached a historic juncture when major breakthroughs are within sight. Countries need to step up cooperation in innovation. We need to facilitate
integration of science and technology with economic growth, and increase the sharing of innovation results. We need to remove barriers that hamper the flow of knowledge, technology, talents and other factors of innovation, and support our businesses in
technical exchanges and cooperation on their own accord. This is a way to unleash the potential for innovation. And, to benefit mankind with the better use of knowledge, we need to tighten the protection of intellectual property. The least desirable is for us to stifle the flow of knowledge, or to create or even widen the technology divide among us. 52
“赢家”和“输家”有很多含义。当我们称一个人为赢家时，并非意味着他使别人一败涂地。我们口中所谓的赢家是指，无论作为个人还是社会的一员，都能够真实表现出守信、可靠、负责、真诚的可贵品质。
赢家不会置身于一种概念，去想像他们“理当”成为何种人；相反，他们按人性行事。因此，他们不会费神地装模作样，故作姿态，玩弄他人。他们很清楚爱与装爱、傻与装傻、真才实学与故作高深之间的区别。赢家们无需用面具掩饰自己。
赢家们不惧怕作独立思考和运用自身的知识。他们既懂得区分事实与想法，又不会装作通晓一切。他们倾听他人意见，品评他人言论，从而得出自己的结论。赢家们懂得尊重和敬佩他人，但却不会完全为他人所限制、摧垮、束缚或吓倒。
赢家们不会装作可怜，博取同情；也不会怨天尤人，开脱自己。相反，他们承担生活中自己应尽的责任。
2018年军队文职统一考试《专业科目》外国语言文学类—英语试题 - 图文
