2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the
Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting 1 workers' productivity.Instead,the studies ended 2 giving their name to the\ 3 to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.
The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.According to 5 of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7 something was changed,productivity rose.A(n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers' behavior 10 itself.
After several decades,the same data were 11 to econometric the
analysis.Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record,no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.
It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 14 interpretation of what happened. 15 ,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18 ,a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday,workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before 20 a plateau and then slackening off.This suggests that the alleged\
1.[A]affected [B]achieved [C]extracted [D]restored 2.[A]at 3.[A]truth 4.[A]controversial 5.[A]requirements 6.[A]conclude 7.[A]as far as 8.[A]awareness 9.[A]suitable 10.[A]about 11.[A]compared 12.[A]contrary to 13.[A]evidence 14.[A]disputable 15.[A]In contrast 16.[A]duly 18.[A]Therefore 19.[A]attempted 20.[A]breaking [B]up [B]sight [B]perplexing [B]explanations [B]matter [B]for fear that [B]expectation [B]excessive [B]for [B]shown [B]consistent with [B]guidance [B]enlightening [B]For example [B]accidentally [B]Furthermore [B]tended [B]climbing [C]with [C]act [C]mischievous [C]accounts [C]indicate [C]in case that [C]sentiment [C]enough [C]on [C]subjected [C]parallel with [C]implication [C]reliable [C]In consequence [C]unpredictably [C]However [C]chose [C]surpassing [D]off [D]proof [D]ambiguous [D]assessments [D]work [D]so long as [D]illusion [D]abundant [D]by [D]conveyed [D]peculiar to [D]source [D]misleading [D]As usual [D]suddenly [D]Meanwhile [D]intended [D]hitting Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Text 1
Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most
big-city newspapers.Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.In those far-off days,it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.Theirs was a serious business,and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly,like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman,could be trusted to know what they were about.These men believed in journalism as a calling,and were proud to be published in the daily press.“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,”Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define‘journalism’ as‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”
Unfortunately,these critics are virtually forgotten.Neville Cardus,who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975,is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.During his
lifetime,though,he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics,a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography(1947)became a best-seller.He was knighted in 1967,the first music critic to be so honored.Yet only one of his books is now in print,and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.
Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival?The prospect seems remote.Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death,and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.
21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that
[A]arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.
[B]English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews. [C]high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers. [D]young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.
22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by [A]free themes. [B]casual style. [C]elaborate layout. [D]radical viewpoints.
23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on? [A]It is writers 'duty to fulfill journalistic goals. [B]It is contemptible for writers to be journalists. [C]Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism. [D]Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.
24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs? [A]His music criticism may not appeal to readers today. [B]His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute. [C]His style caters largely to modern specialists. [D]His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition. 25. What would be the best title for the text? [A]Newspapers of the Good Old Days [B]The Lost Horizon in Newspapers [C]Mournful Decline of Journalism [D]Prominent Critics in Memory
Text 2
Over the past decade,thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods.Amazon.com received one for its\system.Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.
Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents,which have been controversial ever since they were first
authorized 10 years ago.In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S.court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.In re Bilski,as the case is known,is\of law.It\
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face,because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case,approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings,initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions.Later,more established companies raced to add such patents to their files,if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch.In 2005,IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them.Similarly,some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products,even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.
The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges,rather than a typical panel of three,and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should\
The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.Last April,for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for\anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court\professor at George Washington University Law School.
26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of [A]their limited value to business [B]their connection with asset allocation [C]the possible restriction on their granting
2010年考研英语一试卷真题(后附答案详解)
