九大词性
1. noun(n.) 名词：to describe a person or thing
英语中的名词根据是否可数又分为可数与不可数名词。 （1）可数名词 ①可数名词规则变化： 规则变化 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-s 如：pens、girls 以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾 加-es 如：bus-buses、box-boxes Watch-watchesdish-dishes 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y改i再加es 如：baby-babies、family-families 以元音字母+y结尾 加-s 如：boy-boys、day-days 以辅音字母+o结尾 加-es 如：potatoes、tomatoes 以元音字母+o结尾 加-s 如：photos 以f或fe 结尾的 变f或fe为v再加es 如：half-halves、wife-wives thief-thieves ②可数名词不规则变化 A、单复数同形：deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheep B、词尾发生变化：ox-oxen child-children C、内部单词发生变化：foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese woman-women man-men mouse-mice policeman-policemen D、表示某国人时,中日不变,英法变,其他国家加s： (1)Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese (2)Frenchman- Frenchmen Englishman- Englishmen (3)German-Germans Russian-Russians Americans ③特殊情况 i. 另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。 如：people，police，trousers，pants，clothes，scissors ii. 有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数形式，如：news，maths，physics，politics iii. 有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词，如：
room(空间)—a room(房间) work(工作)—works(着作) (2)不可数名词：（前面不能用a,an等来修饰） ①到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：
A 液体类:water：juice,tea , soup ,milk,cola,coffee B 肉类:meat，beef, pork, mutton C 粉末类：bread
D 抽象名词类news,information,money,advice,friendship,work,homework, housework schoolwork ,help ,fun,health,price
E 食物类:food, broccoli,rice, porridge, junk food ,tofu ②不可数名词计量的表达:
A个数单位词：piece （张、片、块、条）,如：a piece of news
B 容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）如：a bottle of milk C 类别单位词：kind( 种、类)
D 度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤)
▲ 翻译下面的词组:
1.两杯咖啡: 2.四块面包: 3. 七袋大米： 4. 八只鹿： 5.一滴水： 6.三个男孩： (3)名词所有格（翻译为：……的）： 构成方法 例句 一般在有生命名词后加’s构成 Linda’s desk 若以s结尾复数名词，则在s后加’s，若不the boys’ friends 是以s结尾复数名词，则加’s the children’s day 表示几个人共同的东西，只在最后一个人后Lucy and Lily’s mother 加’s 表示几个人都分别有的东西，则每个人都Lucy’s and Lily’s book 加’s 表示时间、距离的名词可以加’s 或’ 构成所Today’s newspaper 有格形式 Fifteen minutes’ walk 表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有at my uncle’s 格后面的名词 =at my uncle’s home 表示无生命事物的所有关系：一般用..of..结构来表示无生命的名词所有格： a map of China 中国地图 the name of the film 书的封面 the cover of the book 电影的名字 ▲Ⅰ 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空： 1．The two girls are ( Japan ) 2. The ( baby ) are asleep 3. Do you know the two ( man teacher ) ▽当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。
eg.an apple tree，five apple trees，a girl friend，two girl friends，a twin sister 但是，当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。 eg.two men teachers，three women doctors
4. The ( child ) are washing their ( foot ) . 5.There are two ( people ) and lots of ( sheep ) in the fields . 6. September 10 is ( teacher ) Day . 7. I think physics ( be )more interesting than maths 8. Don’t you think the ( radio ) are too noisy 9. Whose ( knife )are these 10. “ Whose house is this ” “ It’s the ( Smith )” . 2. verb(v.) 动词
eg. do, make, go, take, bring
英语中动词根据其后是否可以加宾语又分为： Vt. (及物动词） eg. speak, give, sing Vi. (不及物动词） eg. run, work
英语中动词有5中形态：原形，第三人称单数形式，过去式，过去分词（用于完成时或被动语态中），现在分词 do does did done doing work works worked worked working I动词第三人称单数形式变化(三单变化) 规则变化 动词原形 三单变化 直接+s help/make helps/makes 以字母s/x/ch/shguess/wash/watch guesses/washes/watch为结尾+es es 以“辅音字母+y”为study/carry/fly 结尾，变y为i+es studies/carries/flies 以o为结尾的部分do/go does/goes 单词+es 特殊变化 have has II. 动词过去式和过去分词变化 (1) 规则变化 规则变化 动词原形 过去式和过去分词 直接+ed work/call/want worked/called/wanted 以“辅音字母+y”为结尾，study/try/carrstudied/tried 变y为i+ed y /carried 重读闭音节元音+辅音结stop/plan stopped/planned 尾+ed 以字母e为结尾+d live/hope lived/hoped (2) 不规则变化需要单独记忆 III 动词的现在分词形式变化 规则变化 动词原形 现在分词 直接+ing help/work helping/working 以e为结尾，去e加ing make/move making/moving 重读闭音节元音+辅音结尾get/begin getting/beginnin+ing g 以ie为结尾，变ie为y+ing lie/die/tilying/dying/tyine g ⑴时态（找时间标志词）：
一般现在时：
? 结构：am / is / are play / plays ? 判断：sometimes, often, usually, always, every, 在if / as soon as等复合句中,主将从现 1. If you________ hard, you will pass the exam. A. studies B. study
C. will study D. is studying 现在进行时：
? 结构： am / is /are playing
? 判断： Look, Listen, now, Where’s sb？ ? 典型例题：
1. --Where ’s mom I want to go shopping with her. --She______ in the bedroom.
A. reads B. read C. is reading D. has read 一般过去时：
? 结构： was / were played ? 判断： yesterday, last…, …ago及语境. ? 典型例题：
1. --You look tired. What did you do yesterday --I ______ till night.
A. works B. worked 一般将来时：
? 结构： will play
? 判断： tomorrow, next…及语境,
在if /as soon as等主从复合句中,主将从现 . ? 典型例题：
1. She ________ me as soon as she gets there. A. calls B. call C. called D. will call 过去进行时：
? 结构： was /were playing ? 判断： at that time, at this time ,yesterday , by+过去时间,
by the end of+过去时间 常用于带有when/ while 的主从复合句中.
? 典型例题：
1. Mom______ in the kitchen when I got home. A. cooks B. cook C. was cooking D. cooked
2. I________ my homework at this time yesterday . A. did B. do C. will do D. was doing 现在完成时（动作从过去持续到现在）： ? 结构： has / have played
? 判断： just, already, yet, ever, never, so far（到目前为止） 次数(once,twice)
since+时间点, for + 时间段, how long… ? 典型例题：
1. He______ in the factory for two years. A. works B. worked C. is working D. has worked ⑵被动语态，（主语与谓语构成被动关系）：主语+be(am/is/was/were/will be)+done
如：① The hole should (dig) deep enough.
② The students (tell) to clean the classroom. 情态动词（can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared)敢 , need等,另外,have to、had better也当作情态动词使用）后加动词原形
▲(1)
A
Tom _________ (come) from America.Nowhe (teach) English in a middle school in Beijing. In his free time, hewould like_ _______ (go) in for a traditional sportso that he can (learn) more about Chinese. B
Now, people use satellitesto do many things. So far, man (invent) four kinds of satellites. One of them (use) to study the weather.
(2) A
Henry, a 14-year-old boy, used (be )too fat to play sports. He went to the doctor and (tell) to have a balanced diet. So he tried ___ ____ (not eat) too much meat or sugar because they might make him get heavier. Now he isn’t fat at all. He does sports every day and (become) a member of the school soccer team. Next week Henry will take part in the school sports meet.
B
My mother is very kind and easygoing, she helps me a lot. I (take) good care of in mydaily lifeby her. When I’m in trouble, she always encourages me to face my difficulties. With her help, I (become) a top student in my classalready. I believe she (be) proud of mein the near future.
3. adjective(adj.)形容词
eg. good, beautiful, nice, happy, long
英语中形容词有两种形式：比较级和最高级 eg. good- better- best nice- nicer- nicest 1.比较级、最高级的构成 ①一般在词尾加er或est great--greater——greatest ②以e结尾的只加r或st nice——nicer----nicest ③以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i，再加eheavy——heavier——heaviest 或es easy——easier——easiest busy——busier——busiest funny——funnier——funniest early——earlier→earliest ④以重读闭音节结尾的词，先双写最末的一个辅big——bigger——biggest音字母，再加er或est thin——thinner——thinnestfat—fatter→fattest， ，，
英语九大词性归纳
