被动语态
一、语态概述
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，再如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。
判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？ He opened the door.他开了门。 （____________） The door was opened.门被开了。 （____________）
二、被动语态的构成: be动词+Vp.p
被动特点强调宾，用be加上过去分。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。 1. English is ___________（speak）in Canada. 2. The blouse is ___________（make）of silk.
3. English is ___________（speak）by many people.
谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。 1. Some stamps were ___________（steal）last week.
2. The PRC was ___________（found）on October 1, 1949. 3. Football is ___________（play）in most middle schools.
被动语态须留意，P.P前面助动be. be + P.P
am（is,are）现在时，am（is,are）+P.P was和were表过去。was（were）+P.P
完成have（has）been。have（has）been+P.P
将来，情态，be原形。will（can,may,must）be+P.P
进行时态两个be，前表时态后加ing。am（is,are）+being+P.P
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。
三．几种常用时态的被动语态——
1.一般现在时： am/is/are+过去分词
肯定句：Bikes are ___________（sell）in that shop. 否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop.
疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
2.一般过去时： was/were+过去分词
肯定句：He was ___________（save）in 1999. 否定句：He was not saved in 1999.
疑问句：Was he saved in 1999? Yes, he was. / No,he wasn't.
3.一般将来时： shall/will/be going to + be+过去分词
肯定句：An English class will be ___________（give）by Jack tomorrow. 否定句：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow. 疑问句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow?
4.现在进行时：am/is/are + being+过去分词
肯定句：A car is being ___________（drive）now. 否定句：A car is not being driven now.
疑问句：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
5.现在完成时：have / has+ been+过去分词
肯定句：A road has been ___________（build）by the government. 否定句：A road hasn't been built by the government.
疑问句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't.
6.情态动词：情态动词+be + P.P
1）This clock can be ___________（repair）here.
2）The trees may be ___________（plant）at other times of the year. 3）The composition must be ___________（hand）in after class. 4）The young trees should be ___________（plant）in spring.
四、被动语态的用法
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： Some new computers were ___________（steal）last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）
This book was ___________（publish）in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。
（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：
The window was ___________（break）by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was ___________（write）by him. 这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
五、主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 （2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： 1.All the people ___________（laugh）at him.
→ He was ___________（laugh）at by all people. 2.They ___________（make）the bikes in the factory.
→ The bikes are ___________（make）by them in the factory.
六、补充
一些宾补动词如make, see, hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形（实为省略to的动词不定式）作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。如：
He made me stand outside. → I was made to stand outside（by him）. I saw him play football. → He was seen to play football（by him）.
专项练习
一、选择题
( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
( )4.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )5.How many trees ____ this year?
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )7.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
( )8. The children ____ by the nurse.
A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked ( )9. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them. A. gave, didn't listen B. was given, wasn't listened C. give, wasn't listened D. was given, didn't listen
(完整word)初中英语主动语态变被动语态的句子练习题及答案
