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曼昆经济学原理（双语）
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第一章 经济学十大原理
（导论部分）1.1
The word economy comes from the Greek word oikonomos, which means “one who manages a household.” At first, this origin might seem peculiar. But in fact, households and economies have much in common. A household faces many decisions. It must decide which household members do which tasks and what each member receives in return: Who cooks dinner? Who does the laundry? Who gets the extra dessert at dinner? Who gets to drive the car? In short, a household must allocate its scarce resources (time, dessert, car mileage) among its various members, taking into account each member’s abilities, efforts, and desires.
经济这个词来源于希腊语，其意为“管理一个家庭的人”。乍一看，这个起源似乎有点奇特。但事实上，家庭和经济有着许多共同之处。一个家庭面临着许多决策。它必须决定哪些家庭成员去做什么，以及作为回报每个家庭成员能得到什么：谁做晚饭？谁洗衣服？谁在晚餐时多得到一块甜点？谁有权选择看什么电视节目？简言之，家庭必须考虑到每个成员的能力、努力和愿望，以在各个成员中配置稀缺资源（时间，甜点，车辆英里程）。
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Like a household, a society faces many decisions. It must find some way to decide what jobs will be done and who will do them. It needs some people to grow food, other people to make clothing, and still others to design computer software. Once society has allocated people (as well as land, buildings, and machines) to various jobs, it must also allocate the goods and services they produce. It must decide who will eat caviar and who will eat potatoes. It must decide who will drive a Tesla and who will take the bus.
和家庭一样，一个社会也面临着许多决策。一个社会必须决定将要做哪些工作和谁做这些工作。社会需要一些人种粮食，另一些人做衣服，还有一些人设计电脑软件。一旦社会分配人们（以及土地、建筑物和机器）去做各种工作，它还应该分配他们生产的物品与劳务量。社会必须决定谁将吃鱼子酱而谁将吃土豆。它还必须决定谁将开特斯拉而谁将坐公共汽车。
The management of society’s resources is important because resources are scarce. Scarcity means that society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services people wish to have. Just as each member of a household cannot get everything she wants, each individual in a society cannot attain the highest standard of living to which she might aspire.
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由于资源稀缺，社会资源的管理就是重要的。稀缺性是指社会提供的东西少于人们想拥有的。正如一个家庭不能给每个成员想要的每一件东西一样，一个社会也不能给每个人以他们向往的最高生活水平。
Economics is the study of how society manages its scarce resources. In most societies, resources are allocated not by an all-powerful dictator but through the combined choices of millions of households and firms. Economists, therefore, study how people make decisions: how much they work, what they buy, how much they save, and how they invest their savings. Economists also study how people interact with one another. For instance, they examine how the multitude of buyers and sellers of a good together determine the price at which the good is sold and the quantity that is sold. Finally, economists analyze the forces and trends that affect the economy as a whole, including the growth in average income, the fraction of the population that cannot find work, and the rate at which prices are rising.
经济学研究社会如何管理自己的稀缺资源。在大多数社会中，资源并不是由一个中央计划者来配置，而是通过千百万家庭和企业的共同行动来配置的。因此，经济学家研究人们如何作出决策：他们工作多少，购买什么，储蓄多少，以及如何把储蓄用于投资。经济学家还研究人们如何相互交易。例如，经济学家探讨一种物品众多的买者与卖者如何共同决定该物品的销售价格和销售量。最后，经济学家分析
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影响整个经济的力量和趋势。包括平均收入的增长，人口中找不到工作的人的比例，以及价格上升的速度。
The study of economics has many facets, but it is unified by several central ideas. In this chapter, we look at Ten Principles of Economics. Don’t worry if you don’t understand them all at first or if you aren’t completely convinced. We explore these ideas more fully in later chapters. The ten principles are introduced here to give you an overview of what economics is all about. Consider this chapter a “preview of coming attractions.”
虽然经济学的研究是多方面的，但可以用几个中心思想把这个领域统一起来。在本章，我们要说明经济学的十大原理。如果你一开始不了解所有内容，或者你不完全相信，请不要担心。我们将在后面的章节中更全面地探讨这些想法。这里对十大原理的介绍是要让你了解经济学研究内容的概况。将本章视为“未来景点概述”。
曼昆经济学原理(双语)1.1
