范文范例 指导参考
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【解析】考查动词-ing作介词宾语。在介词about，before，after，for，with，by等之后作宾语应该用动词-ing形式，故用eating。
【答案】eating
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, ________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
【答案】laying
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required ________(process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处考查be required to do sth.的固定用法。考生要善于分析句子结构，再结合自己的知识储备才能快速准确地确定答案。
【答案】to process
4.(2017·天津卷)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ________(take) good care of at home.
【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，李医生很高兴看到他的母亲在家里被照看得很好。空格处与其逻辑主语his mother之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词。
【答案】taken
5.(2016·新课标Ⅲ，63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _______(create)special designs.
【答案】to create 【解析】句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。
6.(2016·浙江，1)—Are you sure you're ready for the test? —No problem. I’m well ________(prepare)for it.
【答案】prepared 【解析】句意：——你确定你准备好考试了吗？——没问题。我已经做好准备了。I作主语，be动词后要接动词的-ed形式充当表语。
7.(2016·新课标Ⅰ，67)My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce)British
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范文范例 指导参考
visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
【答案】introducing 【解析】句意：我的大使职责将包括把英国参观者介绍给成都的120多只大熊猫及其他一些在碧峰峡雾山中一个研究中心里的熊猫们。include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
8.(2016·新课标Ⅰ，66)．..a TV show in the mid-1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter________(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【答案】permitted 【解析】句意：……那时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料……的单元的西方电视台记者。TV reporter和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。
9. He suddenly appeared in class one day， (wear) sun glasses.
【解析】考查现在分词。根据句子结构可知，已有谓语动词appeared，动词wear前又没有并列连词，故应为非谓语动词作状语，表示伴随情况；又因主语he与wear之间是主动关系，故要用现在分词。
【答案】wearing
10. One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about (be) late for school. 【解析】考查动名词。介词about后应该跟名词或动名词，故要用being。 【答案】being
11. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused (stop) until we reached the next stop.
【解析】考查不定式。动词refuse后要接不定式作宾语， refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事。 【答案】to stop
12. Still，the boy kept (ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.
【解析】考查固定短语。然而这个男孩一直骑个不停。keep doing sth一直做某事。 【答案】riding
13. We got a little (sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind. 【解析】考查过去分词。我们有点晒黑了。动词sunburn晒黑，此处get ＋ done结构为被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。
【答案】sunburned/ sunburnt
14. My older brother and I are busy (arrange) a trip to Africa. 【解析】考查动名词。be busy (in) doing...忙于做某事。
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范文范例 指导参考
【答案】arranging
15. Qu was a minister of the State of Chu (situate) in present－day Hunan and Hubei Provinces，during the Warring States Period(战国时期).
【解析】考查过去分词。表示位于何地时，用be situated in/on。过去分词situated作定语，相当于定语从句which was situated...。
【答案】situated
易错起源1、非谓语动词类别和句法功能
例1． (absorb)in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
【解析】句意：沉迷于绘画中，约翰没有注意时间已到了傍晚。考查非谓语动词。此处的Absorbed in painting相当于原因状语从句Because he was absorbed in painting的省略。 【答案】Absorbed 【名师点睛】
非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项: ◆不定式
1.介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时except／but意为“除了，除去”。其主要搭配有:
can but + 动词原形;只能、只得……
cannot help(choose)but + 动词原形:……不能不…… do nothing but + 动词原形:只做……
There is nothing to do but + 动词原形: ……只有做…… have no choice but to do:只有做…… 例如:
The last bus having gone, I could do nothing but go home on foot. (省略 to) I cannot choose but tell him the truth. (省略 to) She could do nothing but leave. (省略 to) I have no choice but to cry. (不能省略to)
2.不定式在使役动词have，let，make以及感官动词see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear， listen to，feel后的宾补，不定式符号要省略，但这些句子变为被动结构时，就必须带符号to.例如:
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范文范例 指导参考
I often hear him sing this song. → He is often heard to sing this song. I saw them play in the park. → They were seen to play in the park.
3.不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式使不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的介词。但名词way，place，way除外。例如:
He is not a man to tell lies. ( 主谓关系 )
There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth. ( 动宾关系 ) Here is some paper for you to write on. The boy has a nice pen to write with. We found a way to solve this problem (in).
通常使用不定式作定语的情况有:(1)不定式表示将来；(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no， all，any等限定词的中心词。(3)用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有:ability，disability，chance，idea， fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason， time等。例如: During my holiday I borrowed some books to read.(表将来)
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. (有序数词修饰) I have no chance to escape. (修饰抽象名词)
Do you have the ability to read French? (修饰抽象名词)
4.不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的时可用in order to，so as to换用；表示条件时，一般把表示条件的动词不定式置于句首，句中的谓语动词常含有will，shall，should， would，can，must，could等情态动词。例如: He sat down to have a rest. (表目的 ) He woke up to find everybody gone. (表结果)
I’m very pleased to hear from him. (表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐) To look at him, you can’t help laughing. (表条件，谓语动词含有can) He was too excited not to say a word. (表程度) He is old enough to go to school. (表程度) ◆过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别:
这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的
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范文范例 指导参考
动作之前或是没有一定的时间性；现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。例如: The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (将要修建的) The bridge being built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (正大修建的) The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (己经修建了的) Have you read the novel written by Dickens?
He is a teacher loved anti respected by all students. (没有时间性) Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the young men. (表正在) The question to be discussed at the Sunday meeting is very important. (表将来)
在英语中，表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在分词表示“令人感到……”，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉；过去分词表示”感到……”，指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。例如:
interesting令人感兴趣的interested感到有兴趣的 exciting令人感到激动的excited感到激动的 shocking令人感到震惊的shocked感到震惊的 ◆过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别:
1.感官动词(see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear，listen to，feel)和使役动词(have，let，make)后的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词(不带to的不定式)，现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词表示被动完成，不定式表示主动和完成。注意:make不能接现在分词作宾补。 例如:
I heard her sing a Chinese song jut now. (表示主动，完成)
I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed by her room last night. (表示正在进行) I heard the Chinese song sung many times. (表示被动)
The captain got/have the soldiers moving to ward the front after a short rest. ( 不能用make) I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (表示状态) I was surprised to find my hometown changed a lot. (表示完成)
2.动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是“使……处于某种状态”。例如: It is wrong for you to leave the machine running. (主动，正在进行) The guests left most of the dishes untouched. ( 被动，完成) My workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work. (主动，将来)
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专题06非谓语动词(易错起源)_2018高考英语备考黄金易错点Word版含解析
