虚拟语气
一、以if条件从句为虚拟语气标志
时态 与现在事实相反 从句动词形式 did (1)did 与将来事实相反 (2)were to do (3)should do 与过去事实相反 含蓄条件句 有时虚拟语气并不总是用if引导的条件句来表示，而是通过一些词或短语表示出来。这些词或短语引出的条件与if引导的条件句意义相似，如but for，with，without，otherwise，or，but等。其中but for相当于if it were not for/if it had not been for，表示“要不是……”。
He wouldn’t have survived but for the neighbour’s timely help. 二、suggest等动词及其相应的名词后跟的从句中虚拟语气的用法 1．宾语从句
suggest等表示建议、愿望、命令等的动词后跟的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，从句谓语的结构为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 The doctor suggested that he (should) take more rest. 2．主语从句
在“It is/was suggested＋that引导的主语从句”中，主语从句要用虚拟语气， 即“should＋动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。
另外，在“It is/was important(necessary，desirable，advisable等)＋that引导的主语从句”中，从句也常用虚拟语气，谓语用“should＋动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。
It is suggested that the building (should) be pulled down. It is necessary that a doctor (should) be sent for at once. 3．表语从句
当suggestion，order，proposal，demand等名词作主语时，其后的表语从句中要用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。 My advice is that you (should) give up smoking.
had done would/could/should/might have done would/could/should/might do 主句动词形式 would/could/should/might do 1
4．同位语从句
在suggestion，advice，order，proposal，demand等名词后跟的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用“should＋动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。
His suggestion that we (should) set off at 5∶00 a．m.is not good enough. 三、虚拟语气的特殊句型
1．It is (high/about) time (that) sb.did sth. It is (high/about) time (that) sb.did sth. 2．would rather (that) sb.did sth. I’d rather you left tomorrow.
1．George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I’d rather he________more on its culture.(2010·江苏，34) A．focus B．focused
C．would focus D．had focused
2．—The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables________.(2010·北京，34)
A．wouldn’t die B．didn’t die C．hadn’t died D．wouldn’t have died
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一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Had we been here a bit earlier，we ________________________(be) able to catch the last bus.
2．If you ________________(take) my advice，you ________________(cry) over your failure now.
3．—I have gone through a hard time in the last few years.
—Really？I wish you ________________(tell) me about it earlier.After all，we are friends.
4．—Why didn’t you attend Linda’s wedding?
—I wouldn’t like to.It is strange that she ________________________(marry) that good-for-nothing guy.
5．My father insisted that every minute ____________________(make) full use of ____________(do) the work well. 二、单项填空
1．We would join them for dinner ________. A．should they ask B．shall they ask C．if they ask D．whether they ask
2．My suggestion is that you ________ much meat. A．wouldn’t take B．shall not take C．not have D．won’t have
3．—How I want to have studied harder when I was in school.
—If you ________，you wouldn’t work late into night every day nowadays. A．did B．should C．had D．would
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4.—________ he come and visit you as planned?
—Of course.And I’d rather he ________ me what he saw with his own eyes in Greece. A．Will；will tell B．Shall；told C．Shall；will tell D．Will；told
5．________ he had not hurt his leg，John would have won the race. A．If B．Since C．Though D．When
6．________ it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A．Would B．Should C．Were D．Will
7．—Any information about your son?
—No.If only I ________ those tough words to him. A．didn’t say B．hadn’t said C．shouldn’t have said D．couldn’t have said
8．They must have enjoyed themselves there，otherwise they ________ so long. A．can’t have stayed B．wouldn’t have stayed C．can’t stay D．wouldn’t stay
9．—I hope you’re enjoying your stay here.
—If it ________ for the climate，I would like it here very much. A．isn’t B．hasn’t been C．weren’t D．hadn’t been
10．—Johnson，come and look at the sea！It is beautiful，isn’t it? —Absolutely！If only I ________here by the sea. A．lived B．live C．had lived D．will live
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答案
感悟高考
1．B [句意为：乔治打算谈论他的国家的地理，但我宁愿他更多地把焦点集中在文化上。would rather后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，若表示与将来和现在的事实相反的情况，则谓语动词要用一般过去时，由上句中“is going to...”可知B项时态正确。] 2．D [句意为：——天气又热又干燥。——是的。要是稍微下点儿雨，现在的情况就会更好一些！那样我的蔬菜就不会死掉了。由条件句中的had rained可以推出这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，但是主句有时间状语now，所以用了与现在事实相反的虚拟语气would be；最后一句话也是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用wouldn’t have died。] 领悟语法
一、1.would have been 2.had taken；wouldn’t be crying 3.had told 4.(should) have married 5.(should) be made；to do
二、1.A [由主句的结构可知这是对将来情况的虚拟，此时从句的结构是should do/were to do/did，如果从句省略if则构成部分倒装，故选A。]
2．C [suggestion后应用“should＋动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，should可以省略。] 3．C [由“when I was in school”可知是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句省略了studied hard。]
4.B [shall用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方的意见或请求；would rather后的从句若表示将来的动作，谓语动词用过去时。] 5．A [本题为与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。]
6．B [由tomorrow可知，从句应该是对将来情况的假设，此时从句的结构是should do/were to do/did，如果从句省略if则构成部分倒装，故选B。]
7．B [由语境可知，if only后的句子与过去的事实相反，故谓语动词用过去完成时。] 8．B [由“must have enjoyed”可知otherwise后的情况是与过去的事实相反的，故谓语动词应用would have done。]
9．C [由“I hope you’re enjoying”可知假设的情况是与现在的事实相反，此时if从句的谓语动词用did或were，故选C。]
10．A [由语境可知，if only后的情形是与现在的事实相反，此时的谓语动词用过去时。]
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高考英语大一轮复习 虚拟语气 北师大版
