英语定语从句语法知识点总结
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【区别】限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰作用(相当于形容词的作用,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。) 非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用,先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开,句子相当于并列句,状语从句。
一、关系代词分类 用于限制性和非限制性定语从句 指人 主格词 Who 不可省 宾格词 Who(m) 可省 属格词 Whose/of whom不可省 Whose/of which不可省 Whose 不可省
一、关系代词用法
指物 Which 用于限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句关系代词与关系副词的用法: 既指人又指物 That不可省 1、关系代词和关系代词在任何条件下都不能省略。 2、Who whom which 不能用that代替也不能相互替换。 3、在“介词+Which/Whom”从句的结构中介词不能移到从句后面。 4、when where 可以用于非限制定语从句中。 That (限制定语从句中必须用的几种情况) 1、当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one 时。 例:He told me everything that he knows. 2、当先行词被the only,the very,any,few,little,no,all修饰时。 例:All the books that you offered has been given out. 3、当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词的最高级修饰时。 例:This is the best book that I have ever read. 4、当先行词是序数词或前面有序数词修饰时。 例:We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5、当先行词即有人又有物时。 例:They talked about the teachers and the schools that they knew. 6、当主句的主语是疑问词who 、which时。 例:Who is the man that is making a speech? 7、有两个定语从句时,其中一个用了which另外一个宜用that。 例:Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before 8、当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中作表语时。 例:China is not the country that it was. 9、当要避免与疑问词which重复时 例:Which is the car that was made in Beijing? 10.主句是There be结构,修饰物,充当主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词。(备注:在There be结构中,修饰人,充当主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人 例:There’s still a seat in the corner that is still free. There’s a gentleman who wants to see you. 11、that有时可用来代替when,引导一个定语从句,修饰表示时间的名词如day, time, moment等。 例:He worked hard the whole time (when/that) he lived here. October 1, 1949 was the day when/that the People’s Republic of China was founded.
只用which, 1.在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人 例:He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study who, whom的情况 As(即可以引导限制定语从句又可以引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语) 例:Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. 2、the same+名词+as…和……同样的 2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom1、Such+名词+as…像…一样的,像…之类的… 指人。 例:I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3.先行词本身是that时,关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。 例:Those who respect others are usually respected by others. 例: 4.当关系代词后面带有插入语时 improve your English. 【区别】 1、引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后。 2、当定语从句放在主句后面时并不是as就永远等于which ⑴当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时。只用which。 例: ⑵从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般用which做主语。 3、 …such…as…。such代词“这样的人或物”as在从句中修饰such 例:Here is the English grammar which, as have told you, will help 例: 例: 例: ⑴as仍然保持做连词的某种意义 例: ⑵当as在从句中做主语时,后面常接动词的被动语态。(be know,be said) 例: 例: ⑶当非限制性定语从句的谓语动词是一个复合结构时,只能用which。 ⑶as常用在as(it)same likely, as(it)often happens, as(it)was point out 例: As(it)was said earlier, as I remember(it),as I understand(it),as(it) Appears 例: 【注】当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句内容时,若as或which作主语,则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 例:
介词+关系代词 1、当介词在关系代词前面时,关系代词只能which指物,whom指人。例: 且关系代词不能省略。 2、“介词+which/whom+不定式”结构。 例: 3、“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句这种结构引导的定语从例: 句常与先行词用逗号隔开,定语从句常用倒装结构。 4、在限制性定语从句中,当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which(指物)that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语,且介词宾语的关系代词可省略。 例: