over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。 His request was turned down.
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather 4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如： (1) We always keep the classroom clean. →The classroom . (2) She told us to follow her instructions. →We .
注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。
We often hear him play the guitar. →He play the guitar.
5. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：
Nobody can answer this question. The question can be answered by nobody. (×) The question .
6. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词
时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：
They haven't done anything to make the river clean.
Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean. （×） .
7. 以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首： Who wrote the story? Who was the story written? （×） ?
8. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如：
(1)The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。 (2)The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。 对比：
The books sell well. (主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句) The meat didn’t cook well. (主动句)
The meat was cooked for a long time. (被动句) 9. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：
第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。
(1)— Do you like the material? — Yes, it （feel） very soft.
(2)The food (taste) delicious. (3)The pop music (sound) beautiful. 第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等,不用被动语态。
He entered the room and got his book. 误：The room was entered and his book was got. She had her hand burned. 误：Her hand was had burned.
第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。
When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
误：The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained.
误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained. 第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如： I taught myself English. 误：Myself was taught English. We love each other. 误：Each other is loved.
10. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：
据说…… It is said that …
据报导…… It is reported that … 据推测…… It is supposed that …
希望…… It is hoped that … 众所周知…… It is well known that …
普遍认为…… It is generally considered that … 有人建议…… It is suggested that … 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
初中被动语态语法讲解 - 课堂教案
