初中被动语态语法讲解 (一) 语 态 分 类
英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：
They will build a new bridge over the river. ( ) A new bridge will be built over the river. ( ) 英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上，动词的过去分词不变。 列表如下：
一般现在时： + done 一般过去时： + done 一般将来时： + done 过去将来时： + done 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done 现在完成时： + done 过去完成时：had + been + done
将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 1. 一般现在时：
(1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice in the south of the country.
(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.
We enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时：
(1)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons 3. 一般将来时：
(1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars .
(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs . 4.现在完成时：
(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off. I the sports meeting might be put off. (2)He has brought his book here. His book here. (四） 含有情态动词的被动语态：
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
(1)You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions after class. (2)He can write a great many letters with the computer. A
great
many
letters him. (五) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。
“Mr. White, the cup （break） after class. ” 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。
These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul.
3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。 These cars were made in China. be made of、be made from (六)主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语
→ I to her dinner party.
主语 谓语 宾语
（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. → in the school. 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。 (七)语态转换时所注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer .
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多. V + sb sth = sb be V-ed sth
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I on my birthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加
适当的介词，如上句还可以说：
A present me on my birthday. 注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。
(1) The book the class. (show) (2) My bike her. (lend)
2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 (1) A new skirt me. (make) (2) The meat us. (cook)
(3) Some country music us. (play) 3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：
不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on.
The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think
初中被动语态语法讲解 - 课堂教案
