2016年云南昆明理工大学翻译硕士英语考研真题A卷
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure
( 30 points，1 for each )
In this section, there are thirty incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives are given. Decide which of the alternatives A, B, C or D best completes the sentence. Write the appropriate letter on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. It is important to boost the morale of the soldiers as low morale can render
an army_______.
A. impotent B. disabled C. sterile D. barren 2. The Jacksons are shocked by the manager’s _______indifference to the sufferings
of the poor workmen.
A. fragrant B. festering C. flagrant D. ignorant
3. After the eruption of the volcano there was a serious _____ of typhoid in the
area.
A. outrage B. outcome C. outbreak D. output 4. The proposal was carried by a narrow _______.
A. verge B. margin C. rim D. fringe
5. He seemed to have a (an) _______ of reasons not to take part in our research project.
A. profusion B. multitude C. abundance D. pack 6. Martin is considered one of the geniuses in our school but I think his paintings are quite ______.
A. mediocre B. medium C. moderate D. meager
7 .The soldiers in the platoon shined their bayonets in _______ of the inspection by the general.
A. contemplation B. preconception C. anticipation D. meditation
8. My woolen sweater used to be bigger than this. It has ______ in the wash. A. shrunk B. shortened C. reduced D. lessened 9. Do you see __________ with James Degnan's point of view?
A. back to back B. eye to eye C. face to face D. heart to heart 10. John was sentenced to three months’ imprisonment because he tried to _____
taxes by falsifying his returns.
A. avoid B. escape C. dodge D. evade 11. ________, we shall go out for a picnic on Monday
A. Weather permits B. Weather permitted C. Weather permitting D. With weather to permit
12. We think ________ possible for them to fulfill their task in a few weeks.. A. it B. that C. what D. this 13. Not until the game had begun ________ at the sports ground. A. should he have arrived B. had he arrived C. did he arrive D. would he had arrived 14. There used to be a theater here years ago, ________.
A. didn’t it B. usedn’t it C. didn’t there use to D. didn’t there
15. With all the children ________ at home during the holidays, she had a great deal of work to do.
A. be B. were C. been D. being
16. The dying soldier had the message ________ straight to the headquarter. A. be sent B. being sent C. sent D. to be sent
17. How close parents are to their children ________ a strong influence on the character of their children.
A. having B. have C. has D. to have 18. There’s _________ when we shall meet again.
A. no knowing B. not know C. not to know D. never knowing
19. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ________ to its burning temperature.
A. heated B. be heated C. to be heated D. being heated 20. Kunming is usually cool in the summer, but Shanghai ________.
A. is rarely B. is hardly C. rarely is D. hardly is 21. All living creatures have some ______ that are passed on from one generation to the next.
A. aspects B. attributes C. properties D. faculties
22. The lovely damsel of the court could not _______ the temptation of throwing
glances of admiration upon the handsome young man.
A. resist B. obstruct C. conflict D. challenge
23. It is hoped that the person on trail will be released through the _____ of the king’s daughter.
A. interruption B. interrogation C. intervention D. meditation 24. When they were evicted for not paying the rent, they wept, wailed, and _________ their teeth.
A. bit B. chewed C. gnashed D. munched
25. Mr. Bright _______ down the stairs, trying not to disturb his roommates, but
a creaking floorboard woke up his best friend, Tom.
A. tiptoed B. limped C. trudged D. strutted
26. Betty liked to have her clothes made to ______ but I preferred ready-made clothes.
A. medium B. measurement C. standard D. measure
27. The whole area of national and local governments was subjected to a thorough financial_______ , and inefficiency and waste were attacked. A. survey B. search C. research D. scrutiny
28. In my younger and more _______ years my father gave me some advice that I’
ve been turning over in my mind ever since.
A. frail B. pregnable C. assailable D. vulnerable 29. Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine________ that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.
A. argued B. asserted C. entreated D. accentuated
30. As we all know, houses are __________ to be at rest with respect to the earth
but the earth itself is not motionless . A. resumed B. consumed C. assumed D. presumed
Part II Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )
Section A: In this section, there are three passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then write the appropriate answer on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 30 points，2 for each )
Passage 1
According to a recent publication of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, at the present rate of progress, it will take forty-three years to end job discrimination-hardly a reasonable timetable.
If our goal is educational and economic equity and parity, it is then we need affirmative action to catch up. We are behind as a result of discrimination and denial of opportunity. There is one white attorney for every 680 whites, but only one black attorney for every 4,000 blacks; one white physician for every 659 whites, but only one black physician for every 5,000 blacks; and one white dentist for every 1,900 whites, but only one black dentist for every 8,400 blacks. Less than 1 percent of all engineers or of all practicing chemists is black. Cruel and uncompassionate injustice created gaps like these. We need creative justice and compassion to help us close them.
Actually, in the U.S. context, “reverse discrimination” is illogical and a contradiction in terms. Never in the history of mankind has a majority, with power, engaged in programs and written laws that discriminate against itself. The only thing whites are giving up because of affirmative action is unfair advantage, something that was unnecessary in the first place.
Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, as news accounts make it seem. There are 49 percent more whites in medical school today and 64 percent more whites in law school than there were when affirmative action programs began some eighteen years ago.
In a recent column, William Raspberry raised an interesting question. Commenting on the Bakke case, he asked, “What if, instead of setting aside 16 of 100 slots, we added 16 slots to the 100.” That, he suggested, would not interfere with what whites already have. He then went on to point out that this, in fact, is exactly what has happened in law and medical schools. In 1968, the year before affirmative action programs began to get under way, 9,571 whites and 282 members of minority groups entered U.S. medical schools. In 1976, the figures were 14,213 and 1,400 respectively. Thus, under affirmative action, the number of “white places” actually rose by 49 percent; white access to medical training was not diminished, but substantially increased. The trend was even more marked in law schools. In 1969, the first year for which reliable figures are available, 2,933
minority-group members were enrolled; in 1976, the number was up to 8,484. But during the same period, law school enrollment for whites rose from 65,453 to 107,064, an increase of 64 percent. In short, it is a myth that blacks are making progress at white expense.
Allan Bakke did not really challenge preferential treatment in general, for he made no challenge to the preferential treatment accorded to the children of the rich, the alumni and the faculty or to athletes or the very talented only to minorities.
1. The author is for affirmative action __________.
A. because it will take 43 years to end job discrimination
B. because there is discrimination and denial of opportunity in the U.S. C. if we aim at educational and economic equity and parity D. when there is no reasonable timetable in the U.S.
2. It requires ______ to close the gap between the whites and the blacks in the U.S.
A. creative justice and compassion
B. a lot more black engineers and chemists C. education and economic development
D. one black attorney for every 4,000 blacks 3. Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, according to the author, because ________
A. there are 49 percent more white in medical school today already B. what whites give up is only unfair advantage
C. there are 64 percent more whites in law schools today D. whites, the majority in the U.S., will never discriminate against themselves 4. William Raspberry, while commenting on the Bakke case, suggests ________ . A. to follow what has happened in law and medical schools. B. to interfere with what whites already have. C. to offer 84 slots to whites and 16 to blacks. D. to offer 100 slots to whites and 16 to blacks. 5. According to the author, ________,
A. Blacks are not making progress at white expense.
B. Affirmative action is an effective way to end job discrimination.
C. The things whites are giving up because of affirmative action are necessary. D. Under affirmative action, white access to medical training was diminished.
Passage 2
I have observed that the Americans show a less decided taste for general ideas than the French. This is especially true in politics. Although the Americans infuse into their legislation far more general ideas than the French, and although they strive more than the latter to adjust the practice of affairs to theory, no political bodies in the United States have ever shown so
much love for general ideas as the Constituent Assembly and the Convention in France. At no time has the American people laid hold on ideas of this kind with the passionate energy of the French people in the eighteenth century, or displayed the same blind confidence in the value and absolute truth of any theory. This difference between the Americans and the French originates in several causes, but principally in the following one. The Americans are a democratic people who have always directed public affairs themselves. The French are a democratic people who for a long time could only speculated on the best manner of conducting them. The social condition of the French led them to conceive very general ideas on the subject of government, while their political constitution prevented them from correcting those ideas by experiment and from gradually detecting their insufficiency; whereas in America the two things constantly balance and correct each other.
It may seem at first sight that this is very much opposed to what I have said before, that democratic nations derive their love of theory from the very excitement of their active life. A more attentive-examination will show that there is nothing contradictory in the proposition.
Men living in democratic countries eagerly lay hold of general ideas because they have but little leisure and because these ideas spare them the trouble of studying particulars. This is true, but it is only to be understood of those matters which are not the necessary and habitual subjects of their thoughts. Mercantile men will take up very eagerly, and without any close scrutiny, all the general ideas on philosophy, politics, science, or the arts which may be presented to them; but for such as relate to commerce, they will not receive them without inquiry or adopt them without reserve. The same thing applies to statesman with regard to general ideas in politics.
If, then, there is a subject upon which a democratic people is peculiarly liable to abandon itself, blindly and extravagantly, to general ideas, the best corrective that can be used will be to make that subject a part of their daily practical occupation. They will then be compelled to enter into details, and the details will teach them the weak points of the theory. This remedy may frequently be a painful one, but its effect is certain.
Thus it happens that the democratic institutions which compel every citizen to take a practical part in the government moderate that excessive taste for general theories in polities which the principle of equality suggests.
6. Why do the Americans show less enthusiasm for general ideas than the French? A. In America, the constitution provides checks and balances. B. The French constitution did not allow for experiment. C. The social conditions in France led to different ideas.
D. The Americans have always been in charge of their own public affairs.
7. Some people in different democratic countries prefer general ideas because______.
A. in politics it is easier to study general ideas
2016年云南昆明理工大学翻译硕士英语考研真题A卷
